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African American Exclusion |
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Congressional Medal of Honor - African American Exclusion
The Exclusion of Black Soldiers from the Medal of Honor in World War II:
The Study Commissioned by the United States Army to Investigate Racial Bias in the Awarding of the Nation's Highest Military Decoration
The purpose of this study, commissioned by the Army, was to document the process by which the Congressional Medal of Honor was awarded from December 7, 1941, through September 1, 1948; to identify units in which African Americans served; to identify by name all black soldiers whose names were submitted for the medal and to document any errors in the processing of their nominations; and to compile a list of all black soldiers who received the Distinguished Service Cross, the second highest award. Based on this work, in January 1997 President Clinton awarded seven African Americans the Medal of Honor. The authors were selected by Shaw University of Raleigh, North Carolina, to conduct this study under a U.S. Army contract.
Chronicles the Army's attempts to recognize the distinguished service and achievements of its Black soldiers during WW II. Reviews the Army's policies and practices for awarding the Medal of Honor during the years 1941-48, and describes the valor awards given to Black soldiers in the European Theater of Operations, the Pacific and China-Burma-India Theater, and to soldiers and airman in the Mediterranean Theater. Accounts for the Black recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross in WW II, considered the second highest Army award for valor in combat. Annotation c. by Book News, Inc., Portland, Or.
Table of Contents
Acknowledgments
Foreword
1
Preface
3
Executive Summary
7
1
Introduction
15
2
Blacks in the U.S. Army in World War II: An Overview
21
3
Medal of Honor Award Policies and Practices, 1941-48
37
4
Valor Awards to Black Soldiers in the European Theater of Operations
69
5
Valor Awards to Black Soldiers and Airmen in the Mediterranean Theater of Operations
93
6
Valor Awards to Black Soldiers in the Pacific and in the China-Burma-India Theater
139
7
Black Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross in World War II
167
8
Conclusions and Recommendations
179
Bibliography
185
Index
191
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