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Presidential Medal of Freedom List |
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Presidential Medal of Freedom Citation Texts
Click on a letter to view citations for recipients whose last names begin with that letteror scroll through all citations.
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
I. W. ABEL
Awarded by
President Gerald R. Ford
January 10, 1977
Steelworker, social reformer, union organizer, and labor statesman, I. W. Abel has forged a distinguished record of wise and firm leadership that exemplifies the very best traditions of the American labor movement. His many achievements and his unfailing concern for people have earned him not only the gratitude, but the esteem and respect of fellow citizens.
DEAN ACHESON
Awarded by
President Lyndon B. Johnson
September 14, 1964
An architect of the defense and growth of a flourishing Atlantic community, his moral resolve and intellectual grasp have placed all free men in his debt.
ANSEL ADAMS
Awarded by
President Jimmy Carter
June 9, 1980
At one with the power of the American landscape, and renowned for the patient skill and timeless beauty of his work, photographer Ansel Adams has been visionary in his efforts to preserve this country's wild and scenic areas, both in film and on Earth. Drawn to the beauty of nature's monuments, he is regarded by environmentalists as a monument himself, and by photographers as a national institution. It is through his foresight and fortitude that so much of America has been saved for future Americans.
HORACE M. ALBRIGHT
Awarded by
President Jimmy Carter
December 8, 1980
A living monument, like the Grand Tetons he fought so hard to preserve, Horace M. Albright has been a driving force for conservation in this country during most of the twentieth century. A founding father of the National Park Service, he is a champion of Nature's cause and a defender of America's most precious inheritance.
COL. EDWIN E. ALDRIN, JR.
Awarded by
President Richard M. Nixon
August 13, 1969
As a member of the crew of the United States Spacecraft Apollo Eleven, he participated directly in a unique and profoundly important adventure. The accumulated scientific knowledge and technological ability of mankind made man's first step on the moon practicable; the courage and skill of men like Col. Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr. made it possible. His contribution to this great undertaking will be remembered so long as men wonder and dream and search for truth on this planet and among the stars.
MARIAN ANDERSON
Awarded by
President John F. Kennedy
December 6, 1963
Artist and citizen, she has ennobled her race and her country while her voice has enthralled the world.
WALTER HUBERT ANNENBERG
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
May 12, 1986
Following a brilliant career in publishing and pioneering the use of television for educational purposes, Walter Hubert Annenberg was in 1969 appointed Ambassador to the Court of St. James, where he served with extraordinary diligence, bringing the government and the people of the United States and United Kingdom closer together. Since returning to private life, Walter Annenberg has devoted himself to the development of higher education and has provided support to countless institutions. Today our nation repays his lifetime of achievement with its gratitude.
APOLLO 13 MISSION OPERATIONS TEAM
Awarded by
President Richard M. Nixon
April 18, 1970
We often speak of scientific "miracles"forgetting that these are not miraculous happenings at all, but rather the product of hard work, long hours and disciplined intelligence.
The men and women of the Apollo 13 mission operations team performed such a miracle, transforming potential tragedy into one of the most dramatic rescues of all time. Years of intense preparation made this rescue possible. The skill, coordination and performance under pressure of the mission operations team made it happen. Three brave astronauts are alive and on Earth because of their dedication, and because at the critical moments the people of that team were wise enough and self-possessed enough to make the right decisions. Their extraordinary feat is a tribute to man's ingenuity, to his resourcefulness and to his courage.
ANNE LEGENDRE ARMSTRONG
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
June 23, 1987
Since her earliest days in grassroots politics, Anne Armstrong has been an intrepid fighter for the cause of freedom and liberty, and against the intrusions of big government. Her great talents and capacity for work catapulted her onto the national political scene, where she has served her party and nation with distinction, holding high offices in both. Her great skill and unstinting effort in the service of her country have earned her the gratitude of our nation.
NEIL A. ARMSTRONG
Awarded by
President Richard M. Nixon
August 13, 1969
As a member of the crew of the United States Spacecraft Apollo Eleven, he participated directly in a unique and profoundly important adventure. The accumulated scientific knowledge and technological ability of mankind made man's first step on the moon practicable; the courage and skill of men like Neil Armstrong made it possible. His contribution to this great undertaking will be remembered so long as men wonder and dream and search for truth on this planet and among the stars.
SEN. HOWARD H. BAKER, JR.
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
March 26, 1984
As a Member of the United States Senate, one of the country's most powerful and influential citizens, and an individual whose character shines brightly as an example to others, Howard Baker has been a force for responsibility and civility on a generation of Americans. In his almost 20 years of service, he has earned the respect and admiration of his fellow citizens regardless of their political persuasion. As Majority Leader of the Senate, his quiet, cooperative style and keen legislative skills have honored America's finest traditions of enlightened political leadership and statesmanship.
JAMES ADDISON BAKER III
Awarded by
President George Bush
July 3, 1991
As Secretary of State, James A. Baker III has guided American foreign policy through a period of extraordinary change. In the Gulf, Secretary Baker led, with great distinction, diplomatic efforts to resolve the crisis, pursuing every avenue and traveling tens of thousands of miles to seek Iraq's unconditional withdrawal from Kuwait. He helped forge an historic coalition of countries to stand against Iraq's aggression. His efforts were crowned by the passage of twelve United Nations Security Council resolutions, including a landmark resolution authorizing the use of force to expel Iraq from Kuwait.
The United States honors a distinguished servant of our Nation, a clear voice for American principles, and a champion of peace and liberty around the world.
GEORGE BALANCHINE
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
February 23, 1983
The genius of George Balanchine has enriched the lives of all Americans who love the dance. Since he arrived in America as a young man in 1933, he has entertained and inspired millions with his stage and film choreography. Major among his greatest contributions as a ballet master are the founding of the first American classical ballet company, the great New York City Ballet, and the School of American Ballet. Throughout his career Mr. Balanchine has entertained, captivated and amazed our diverse population, lifting our spirits and broadening our horizons through his talent and art.
MALCOLM BALDRIGE
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
October 17, 1988
Cowboy, business executive, political activist, Cabinet SecretaryMac Baldrige was all of these and more. To every task and role, he brought the strength of his integrity and the power of his vision. In serving his country, he became an architect of our international economic policy. And yet, though he moved with Presidents, Prime Ministers, and Kings, he was always happiest with the kind of straight-talking cowboys who elected him to the Cowboy Hall of Fame. Malcolm Baldrige had uncommon accomplishments and character. He was a true embodiment of the American spirit.
ROGER NASH BALDWIN
Awarded by
President Jimmy Carter
January 16, 1981
Founder of the American Civil Liberties Union and the International League for Human Rights, Roger Nash Baldwin is a leader in the field of civil rights and a legend in the field of civil liberties. He is a national resource, and an international one as well, an inspiration to those of us who have fought for human rights, a saint to those for whom he has gained them.
LUCILLE BALL
Awarded by
President George Bush
July 6, 1989<BR
A gifted comedienne known and loved by generations of audiences around the world, Lucille Ball left a lasting impression on American entertainment. For over 50 years, she warmed the hearts of millions with her humor, both in films and later on television, where no program was better named than "I Love Lucy." As president of her own production company, she set an example with her commitment to programming of quality for family enjoyment. Lucy's work continues to bring joy and laughter into American homes. And a grateful nation remembers her with love and appreciation.
JOHN BARDEEN
Awarded by
President Gerald R. Ford
January 10, 1977
A physicist of genius, John Bardeen has combined formidable and unique scientific insights with the mathematical ability to carry them through. His discoveries have revolutionized electronics and communications changing each of our lives for the better. We are proud to honor him as a creative master in the finest traditions of science and technology.
WILLIAM "COUNT" BASIE
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
May 23, 1985
For more than half a century, William "Count" Basie enraptured the people of America with his brilliant and innovative work in the field of jazz. In the 1930's and 40's, the Count became part of the fabric of American life as the leader of one of the greatest bands of the Big Band Era. His songs, from "April in Paris" to "One O'Clock Jump," are American classics. Count Basie cut a notch in musical history and found a place in our hearts forever. Among the royalty of American arts and entertainment, there is no one more honored and more beloved than the Count.
EARL CHARLES BEHRENS
Awarded by
President Richard M. Nixon
April 22, 1970
Through almost fifty years as a reporter, he has shown that a great newspaperman is one who combines inexhaustible energy with insatiable curiosity and impeccable judgment. He has become a legend among political reporters not only for his great skill but also for fairness, unfailing good humor and consistent good sense. It has been written of him that his "mind and heart have been close to politics and political people." His sources and his readers have long recognized that his mind and his heart have also been devoted to truth, to integrity, and professionalism of the highest order.
PEARL BAILEY BELLSON
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
October 17, 1988
As a girl, Pearl Bailey began singing in her father's church in Virginia and kept singing all the way to Broadway and into America's heart. Among the preeminent American entertainers of this century, she has dazzled audiences all over the world. She has also served the Nation as a Special Adviser to the United States Mission to the United Nations. And America loves Pearl Bailey, for her songs and for her soul.
IRVING BERLIN
Awarded by
President Gerald R. Ford
January 10, 1977
Musician, composer, humanitarian, and patriot, Irving Berlin has captured the fondest dreams and deepest emotions of the American people in the form of popular music. His enormous talent, tireless enthusiasm, and boundless compassion have inspired generations of his countrymen. His songs will inspire generations more. In his lifein his workwe have truly seen God bless America.
EUGENE BLACK
Awarded by
President Lyndon B. Johnson
January 20, 1969
Eugene Black has served the people of the world with a dedication known to few men in public service. One of the great financial minds of our time, with a compassion unsurpassed, he has devoted his energy and talents to the betterment of the human condition. Wherever on earth people strive for developmentwherever want and hunger exist, he finds his talents. An outstanding American, he is an outstanding citizen of the world as well. And people the world over are in his debt, as is his President.
EARL HENRY BLAIK
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
May 12, 1986
A soldier of the gridiron, Colonel Earl "Red" Blaik led the West Point team he coached into the pages of the history books. He rallied the Black Knights from a record of devastating defeats and carried them on to some of their greatest victories, winning the esteem of his cadet players and the admiration of his vanquished rivals. One of America's great coaches, he brought a winning spirit to his team, honor to his branch of service, and pride to his nation.
JAMES H. "EUBIE" BLAKE
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
October 9, 1981
Last of the great ragtime composers and pianists, the son of slaves, and a pioneer crusader for Black Americans in the world of arts and entertainment, Eubie Blake is a national treasure. As pianist, showman and, above all, as composer, he has added immeasurably to America's musical heritage and helped to clear the way for succeeding generations of talented artists who, but for his example, might have been denied access to the artistic mainstream.
NORMAN BORLAUG
Awarded by
President Gerald R. Ford
January 10, 1977
Revolutionary scientist and eloquent prophet, he performed miracles with grain and saved untold millions from starvation. His work has pushed back the shadow of hunger on this planet and given us precious time to force its final retreat.
GEN. OMAR N. BRADLEY
Awarded by
President Gerald R. Ford
January 10, 1977
Military hero, courageous in battle, and gentle in spirit, friend of the common soldier, General of the Army, first Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, he embodies the best of the American military tradition with dignity, humanity, and honor.
DAVID BRINKLEY
Awarded by
President George Bush
December 11, 1992
The name David Brinkley is synonymous with television news. From his days as NBC's White House correspondent to his time as co-anchor of the Huntley-Brinkley Report to his Sunday morning show on ABC, David Brinkley has explained the complexities of current events to generations of Americans. With the wisdom of experience and a wry wit, he has informed the Nation's citizens and helped hold its leaders accountable. The United States recognizes his contributions to broadcast journalism.
DR. DETLEV W. BRONK
Awarded by
President Lyndon B. Johnson
September 14, 1964
Scientist and leader of scholars, his vision and untiring efforts have advanced science education and helped forge an enduring link between Government and the scientific community.
MANLIO BROSIO
Awarded by
President Richard M. Nixon
September 29, 1971
A distinguished diplomat, he has nobly served freedom in the world as Secretary General of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. He has won the highest respect in his untiring work for both defense and dtente, and he has performed his task with exceptional skill, perseverance, and fairness. In his dedication to the cause of comity among nations, Manlio Brosio has demonstrated that those who work to keep the peace are as blessed as the peacemakers.
HAROLD BROWN
Awarded by
President Jimmy Carter
January 16, 1981
From the government of science to the science of government, Harold Brown has served his country first and his principles always. As an advisor to Presidents, and a president of a community of scholars, he has helped bridge the gap between the world of theory and the world of reality. Adept at translating from the language of science to the language of statecraft, he excels in translating purpose into action.
IRVING BROWN
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
October 17, 1988
As the European representative of the American Federation of Labor in the late 1940's, Irving Brown played a crucial role in breaking the hold of international communism over postwar Western Europe. By doing so, he can truly be called one of the architects of Western democracy. He has shunned publicity, believing the cause of freedom is far more important than the pleasure of fame. But his modesty cannot obscure the size of his accomplishments, and they have earned Irving Brown the gratitude of his country.
DAVID K.E. BRUCE
Awarded by
President Gerald R. Ford
February 10, 1976
As a diplomat and scholar, he has distinguished himself and brought great honor to his country. With wisdom, courage, discipline, dedication to principle and unerring fidelity to the best interests of the United States, he has brilliantly discharged an array of diplomatic assignmentsto France, Germany, Great Britain, the People's Republic of China and the North Atlantic Treaty Organizationunmatched in modern American history. David K.E. Bruce has truly earned the title Ambassador Extraordinary.
PAUL W. BRYANT
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
February 23, 1983
In many ways, American sports embody the best in our national characterdedication, teamwork, honor and friendship. Paul "Bear" Bryant embodied football. The winner of more games than any other coach in history, Bear Bryant was a true American hero. A hard but beloved taskmaster he pushed ordinary people to perform extraordinary feats. Patriotic to the core, devoted to his players and inspired by a winning spirit that never quit, Bear Bryant gave his country the gift of a legend. In making the impossible seem easy, he lived what we all strive to be.
ZBIGNIEW BRZEZINSKI
Awarded by
President Jimmy Carter
January 16, 1981
Zbigniew Brzezinski served his country and the world. An author and architect of world affairs, his strategic vision of America's purpose fused principle with strength. His leadership has been instrumental in building peace and ending the estrangement of the Chinese and American people. But above all, he helped set our nation irrevocably on a course that honors America's abiding commitment to human rights.
WILLIAM F. BUCKLEY, JR.
Awarded by
President George Bush
November 18, 1991
William F. Buckley, Jr. has long served this Nation as a prolific author and as a thoughtful and insightful commentator on public affairs. His columns, books, novels, and television programs have enlightened and entertained millions with a style marked by grace, an irrepressible wit, and vibrant energy. The magazine he founded, National Review, is one of America's leading journals of opinion and has greatly contributed to the intellectual foundation of the American conservative movement. The United States honors a man who has given much to this country, a tireless worker in the vineyards of liberty.
DR. RALPH J. BUNCHE
Awarded by
President John F. Kennedy
December 6, 1963
Scholar and diplomat, servant of the emerging world order, he has opened up new vistas in the demanding quest for international justice and peace.
MCGEORGE BUNDY
Awarded by
President Lyndon B. Johnson
January 20, 1969
McGeorge Bundy brought to America's security and the cause of freedom in the world a passion for excellence never surpassed in the ranks of American public servants. A man of wisdom and soundness, of complete loyalty and exceptional intelligence, he helped to shape the course on which America could honor its solemn commitments and keep freedom alive when it was grievously threatened. He has answered every call his country has made. He is an architect of that stable world free men seek to build.
ELLSWORTH BUNKER
FIRST AWARD
Awarded by
President John F. Kennedy
December 6, 1963
Citizen and diplomat, he has brought integrity, patience and a compassionate understanding of other men and nations to the service of the Republic under three Presidents.
ELLSWORTH BUNKER
SECOND AWARD
Awarded by
President Lyndon B. Johnson
December 23, 1967
For extraordinary leadership and diplomatic service under arduous and taxing circumstances.
Ambassador Bunker was awarded the Medal of Freedom with Special Distinction in December of 1963. This award was in recognition of his service over the years as Ambassador to Argentina, Italy, India, and Nepal, his service as President of the American Red Cross, and a number of special and important missions performed as a consultant for the Department of State in the period from 1962 onward.
A second Medal of Freedom with Special Distinction is hereby conferred upon Ellsworth Bunker of Vermont. This second awardthe first of its kindrecognizes Ambassador Bunker's service as Ambassador to the Organization of American States from 196465. It further recognizes the crucial role he played under the most difficult conditions, in the restoration of democratic processes in the Dominican Republic in 196566.
In particular it recognizes the rock-like devotion to duty which led Ambassador Bunker to accept the most difficult and demanding present position in the United States Diplomatic Service overseas, that of Ambassador to the Republic of Vietnam, at the age of nearly 73. In that position, Ambassador Bunker has once again demonstrated extraordinary diplomatic skill, as well as deep sympathy and understanding for the aspirations and efforts of the people and Government of South Vietnam. His quiet and effective leadership of all American activities in Vietnam have made an immeasurable contribution to the progress of our efforts to assist that country to determine its own future without external interference.
Through this award, a grateful nation once again pays tribute to one of its most distinguished citizens and public servants.
WARREN E. BURGER
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
October 17, 1988
As teacher, lawyer, Assistant Attorney General of the United States, and judge, Warren Burger proved his abiding love of the law. For 17 years, he served in the highest post on the highest court in the land as the 15th Chief Justice of the United States. Chief Justice Burger stepped down from the Supreme Court to lead our country in a bicentennial celebration of the Constitutionone more act of devotion and distinction by Warren Earl Burger to the Republic he loves and serves so well.
ADM. ARLEIGH BURKE
Awarded by
President Gerald R. Ford
January 10, 1977
Combat commander, innovative naval strategist and tactician, inspiring leader, first three term Chief of Naval Operations, he made the sea a place of victory in war, a mighty fortress in peace.
JAMES BURNHAM
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
February 23, 1983
As a scholar, writer, historian and philosopher, James Burnham has profoundly affected the way America views itself and the world. Since the 1930's, Mr. Burnham has shaped the thinking of world leaders. His observations have changed society and his writings have become guiding lights in mankind's quest for truth. Freedom, reason and decency have had few greater champions in this century than James Burnham.
JAMES CAGNEY
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
March 26, 1984
As a giant in the world of entertainment, James Cagney has left his mark not only on the film industry but on the hearts of all his fellow Americans. In some 60 years in entertainment, performing on stage and screen, he mastered drama and action adventure, as well as music and dance. One of his most remembered performances, as George M. Cohan in "Yankee Doodle Dandy," was a whirlwind singing and dancing film that inspired a Nation at war when it sorely needed a lift in spirit. James Cagney's professional and personal life has brought great credit to him and left unforgettable memories with millions who have followed his career.
ALEXANDER CALDER
Awarded by
President Gerald R. Ford
January 10, 1977
Sculptor, painter, artistic genius and gentleman, Alexander Calder breathed new life into the ancient art of sculpture and added spirit and vitality to his country even as he did to his work. His wit and imagination graced a broad range of disciplines and created a truly public art. The face of America is richer and more beautiful for the many examples of his imagination which cover it.
LORD PETER ALEXANDER RUPERT CARRINGTON,
THE SIXTH BARON CARRINGTON
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
May 10, 1988
Foreign Secretary, Defense Minister, Parliamentary leader, and tank commander, Peter Alexander Rupert Carrington, the Sixth Baron Carrington, has proved himself the devoted servant of Her Majesty's government, a friend of the American people, and the faithful defender of human freedom.
As Secretary General of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, his tireless efforts have at a critical moment in history strengthened the cause of peace and freedom for all humanity. For his selfless service the American people honor him and extend to him their gratitude and warmest affection.
JOHNNY CARSON
Awarded by
President George Bush
December 11, 1992
One of America's greatest television personalities, Johnny Carson left the Nebraska plains to preside over late night TV for almost 30 years. With a quick wit and a sure golf swing, Johnny's good-natured humor kept the pulse of the Nation, and assured us that even in the most difficult times, it was still okay to laugh. The United States honors Johnny Carson, who personifies the heart and humor of America.
RACHEL CARSON
Awarded by
President Jimmy Carter
June 9, 1980
Never silent herself in the face of destructive trends, Rachel Carson fed a spring of awareness across America and beyond. A biologist with a gentle, clear voice, she welcomed her audiences to her love of the sea, while with an equally clear determined voice, she warned Americans of the dangers human beings themselves pose for their own environment. Always concerned, always eloquent, she created a tide of environmental consciousness that has not ebbed.
PABLO CASALS
Awarded by
President John F. Kennedy
December 6, 1963
Statesman of music, he has incarnated the freedom of art, while the cello under his fingers has touched the heart of the world.
BRUCE CATTON
Awarded by
President Gerald R. Ford
January 10, 1977
Man of letters, preeminent historian of the War Between the States, he made us hear the sounds of battle and cherish peace. He made us see the bleeding wound of slavery and hold man's freedom dear.
GENEVIEVE CAULFIELD
Awarded by
President John F. Kennedy
December 6, 1963
Teacher and humanitarian, she has been for four decades a one-woman Peace Corps in Southeast Asia, winning victories over darkness by helping the blind to become full members of society.
WHITTAKER CHAMBERS
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
March 26, 1984
At a critical moment in our Nation's history, Whittaker Chambers stood alone against the brooding terrors of our age. Consummate intellectual, writer of moving majestic prose, and witness to the truth, he became the focus of a momentous controversy in American history that symbolized our century's epic struggle between freedom and totalitarianism, a controversy in which the solitary figure of Whittaker Chambers personified the mystery of human redemption in the face of evil and suffering. As long as humanity speaks of virtue and dreams of freedom, the life and writings of Whittaker Chambers will ennoble and inspire. The words of Arthur Koestler are his epitaph: "The witness is gone; the testimony will stand."
LUCIA CHASE
Awarded by
President Jimmy Carter
June 9, 1980
Ballerina Lucia Chase has been a one-woman show, devoting her lifework to sustaining the vitality of American dance. A dancer and ballet director both, she has interpreted roles and created them, and in every instance she has served to inspire the young, entertain the old and win for American talent its rightful place on the international stage of dance.
DR. JAMES CHEEK
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
February 23, 1983
As the president of one of our country's greatest institutions of higher learning, and as an outstanding black American scholar, James Cheek embodies the spirit of excellence in education. Dr. Cheek's distinguished career and community work are impressive testimony to his commitment to his calling and his country. His efforts have helped to build a better life for black Americans and a better country for us all.
RICHARD B. CHENEY
Awarded by
President George Bush
July 3, 1991
As Secretary of Defense, Dick Cheney has been responsible for preserving America's defenses at a time of great change around the world. In the Persian Gulf, Secretary Cheney worked to bring together a formidable military coalition in response to Iraq's aggression against Kuwait and arranged for one of the largest overseas deployments of troops in American history. At home, he worked with Congress to ensure the broadest possible support for our actions in the Gulf. When war came, his superb leadership of all our armed forces helped speed the way to victory. The United States honors a vigilant defender of our Nation's interests and a firm friend of freedom.
LEO CHERNE
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
March 26, 1984
Although he has never held elected office, Leo Cherne has had more influence on governmental policy than many Members of Congress. Since the late 1930's, Leo Cherne has stepped forward and with brilliance, energy, and moral passion helped this Nation overcome countless challenges. His lifetime devotion to aiding his country and to serving the cause of human freedom, especially through his work on behalf of refugees, reflects the strong and generous character of a man who deserves the respect and gratitude of all Americans.
WARREN CHRISTOPHER
Awarded by
President Jimmy Carter
January 16, 1981
Warren Christopher has the tact of a true diplomat, the tactical skills of a great soldier, the analytical ability of a fine lawyer, and the selfless dedication of a citizen-statesman. His perseverance and loyalty, judgment and skill have won for his country new respect around the world and new regard for the State Department here at home.
CLARK M. CLIFFORD
Awarded by
President Lyndon B. Johnson
January 20, 1969
Clark Clifford is a man of action, a counselor of Presidents and a servant of the people with wise and cool judgment, a forceful and brilliant leader. Detached, strong, sound, unswayed by the passions of the day, he has searched with clear vision into the urgent problems of our Nation and the community of mankind. America and the world will always be the better for his service.
COL. MICHAEL COLLINS
Awarded by
President Richard M. Nixon
August 13, 1969
As a member of the crew of the United States Spacecraft Apollo Eleven, he participated directly in a unique and profoundly important adventure. The accumulated scientific knowledge and technological ability of mankind made man's first step on the moon practicable; the courage and skill of men like Col. Michael Collins made it possible. His contribution to this great undertaking will be remembered so long as men wonder and dream and search for truth on this planet and among the stars.
DR. JAMES B. CONANT
Awarded by
President John F. Kennedy
December 6, 1963
Scientist and educator, he has led the American people in the fight to save our most precious resourceour children.
TERENCE CARDINAL COOKE
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
April 5, 1984
A saintly man and a great spiritual leader, Terence Cardinal Cooke inspired his countrymen with his dedication to his Church, devotion to his flock, and service to his country. As the Military Vicar to our Nation's Armed Forces, Cardinal Cooke worked tirelessly on behalf of those who serve their country in uniform. As a patriot and national leader, he preached the love of country and championed the cause of human freedom. He will live in the memory of his countrymen as a man of compassion, courage, and personal holiness.
DR. DENTON COOLEY
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
March 26, 1984
In an outstanding professional career, Dr. Denton Cooley has distinguished himself time and again in the field of medicine. As one of this country's leading heart surgeons, he has charted new territory in his search for ways to prolong and enrich human life. His efforts have saved the lives not only of his own patients, but of those of many other doctors who have studied and developed techniques mastered by him. As a heart surgeon and as a creative, independent thinker, Dr. Denton Cooley is a force for innovation in American medicine.
AARON COPLAND
Awarded by
President Lyndon B. Johnson
September 14, 1964
Masterful composer and gifted teacher, his music echoes our American experience and speaks expressively to an international audience.
CAPT. JACQUES-YVES COUSTEAU
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
May 23, 1985
For decades, Captain Jacques-Yves Cousteau has been a celebrated undersea explorer. His journeys aboard the Calypso have become known to millions through his books and films. His manned, undersea colonies yielded wealths of research and data and made important technical advances. His auqualung has made underwater diving available to all. Captain Cousteau perhaps has done more than any other individual to reveal the mysteries of the oceans that cover more than two-thirds of the surface of our planet. It is, therefore, likely that he will be remembered not only as a pioneer in his time but as a dominant figure in world history.
WALTER CRONKITE
Awarded by
President Jimmy Carter
January 16, 1981
For thousands of nights, the eyes and ears of millions of Americans have been tuned in to the eyes and ears of Walter Cronkite. He has reported and commented on the events of the last two decades with a skill and insight which stands out in the news world, in a way which has made the news of the world stand out for all of us.
JUSTIN DART
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
June 23, 1987
A leading entrepreneur, Justin Dart has made vital contributions to America that will long be remembered. Considered a revolutionary by his trade, he was already head of the largest drug company in the world at the age of 35, and his sure hand would soon transform the business. Justin Dart became a leading force in politics and an adviser to the President, valued not only for his business acumen but his courageous championing of political and economic liberty. Justin Dart's life stands as eloquent testimony to the creative force of freedom.
WILLEM DE KOONING
Awarded by
President Lyndon B. Johnson
September 14, 1964
Artist and teacher, he has adventured into a new range of artistic vision and opened bold pathways to our experience of the world.
DR. MICHAEL DEBAKEY
Awarded by
President Lyndon B. Johnson
January 20, 1969
Modern American pioneer, surgeon of world renown, Dr. Michael DeBakey has led doctors throughout the world to new frontiers in surgery of the heart. His research and methods have conquered infirmities considered hopeless only a few years ago. He has brought new hope and longer life to millions for themselves and their posterity. He has inspired his country to do more to improve people's health the world over. He will himself live in the history of science's never-ending explorations for the prolongation of life.
C. DOUGLAS DILLON
Awarded by
President George Bush
July 6, 1989
In a lifetime of responsible positions, C. Douglas Dillon has dedicated himself to bettering America and the world. By fostering European economic and military unity, he furthered the cause of democracy. Through his leadership on economic issues, he helped make possible the material advance of a generation. Through his dedication to the Alliance for Progress, he made real for millions America's determination to promote social development. For service to three Presidents and for commitment to his fellow man, America honors Mr. Dillon.
JOE DIMAGGIO
Awarded by
President Gerald R. Ford
January 10, 1977
Superb athlete, coach, author and businessman, Joe DiMaggio stands tall among the ranks of genuine American heroes. Known and revered around the world as the "Yankee Clipper," he contributed many years of style and splendid ability to the sport which has come to be know as our national pastime. His character and grace both on and off the playing field have been a continuing source of inspiration to Americans of all ages.
WALTER DISNEY
Awarded by
President Lyndon B. Johnson
September 14, 1964
Artist and impresario, in the course of entertaining an age, he has created an American folklore.
PROF. J. FRANK DOBIE
Awarded by
President Lyndon B. Johnson
September 14, 1964
Folklorist, teacher, writer, he has recaptured the treasure of our rich regional heritage in the Southwest from the conquistadores to the cowboys.
GEN. JAMES DOOLITTLE
Awarded by
President George Bush
July 6, 1989
Aviation pioneer and military hero, James H. Doolittle is a symbol of vision and courage. His numerous contributions to aeronautical science, often at great personal hazard, extend from the earliest achievements in long-distance flying to the age of rockets. In the uniform of his country, General Doolittle's heroic leadership inspired the American people during the darkest hours of the Second World War. In public service, he continued to foster American advances in aeronautics, the cause to which he devoted his life. For extraordinary service to country, the American people salute one of their foremost heroes.
KIRK DOUGLAS
Awarded by
President Jimmy Carter
January 16, 1981
Acclaimed as a screen actor and director here at home, Kirk Douglas has often played a different role abroad. Acting as an ambassador of good will beyond our shores, he has travelled around the world for our State Department and the United States Information Agency. The son of Russian immigrants, he travels, too, for the opportunity to share with other peoples his love of film, and country.
DAVID DUBINSKY
Awarded by
President Lyndon B. Johnson
January 20, 1969
David Dubinsky is a national leader of foresight and compassion. He has advanced the cause of the workingman in Americaand the broader cause of social justice in the world, with unfailing skill and uncommon distinction. The American people are richer for the service he has given them.
ARIEL DURANT
Awarded by
President Gerald R. Ford
January 10, 1977
Writer, historian and philosopher, Ariel Durant has combined a sensitive and sweeping vision with unique literary talents. Her lifelong collaboration with her husband, Will, has helped make history accessible, popularizing but never cheapening its lessons. The style and substance of her writing have made the past more vivid and enriched our lives in the present.
WILL DURANT
Awarded by
President Gerald R. Ford
January 10, 1977
Writer, historian and philosopher, Will Durant has provided an open window into the lives and thoughts of past ages. With the collaboration of his wife, Ariel, he has helped lead us through the past to the meaning of the present. An eloquent apostle of social order and individual freedom, he is an enemy of chaos, a friend and an invaluable guide to the millions of grateful readers.
DR. LENA F. EDWARDS
Awarded by
President Lyndon B. Johnson
September 14, 1964
Physician and humanitarian, she has applied her medical skills and compassionate understanding to the women and children of our migratory work force.
THOMAS STEARNS ELIOT
Awarded by
President Lyndon B. Johnson
September 14, 1964
Poet and critic, he has fused intelligence and imagination, tradition and innovation, bringing to the world a new sense of the possibilities for order in a revolutionary time.
EDWARD KENNEDY ELLINGTON
Awarded by
President Richard M. Nixon
April 29, 1969
Edward Kennedy Ellington, pianist, composer, and orchestra leader, has long enhanced American music with his unique style, his intelligence, his impeccable taste. For more than 40 years he has helped to expand the frontiers of jazz, while at the same time retaining in his music the individuality and freedom of expression that are the soul of jazz. In the royalty of American music, no man swings more or stands higher than the Duke.
RALPH ELLISON
Awarded by
President Lyndon B. Johnson
January 20, 1969
Ralph Ellison is a writer who has combined social awareness, great artistry, and compassionate understanding. He has given his fellow citizens new insight into the plight of the American Negro. He has inspired the white American not just to understand the black American's problems, but to stand up and fight to eliminate them. His vision of our Democracy has helped Americans to a new determination to bring equality to the lives of all our people.
DR. JOHN F. ENDERS
Awarded by
President John F. Kennedy
December 6, 1963
Physician and researcher, he has opened new pathways to medical discovery and has been an example and companion to two generations of doctors in the demanding quest for scientific truth.
LUIS A. FERR
Awarded by
President George Bush
November 18, 1991
Luis A. Ferr has led the people of Puerto Rico as a dedicated public servant, visionary industrialist, and patron of the arts. Over the course of his life, Luis A. Ferr has been involved in the family business, newspaper publishing, and university development. He also built and donated Ponce's Museum of Art and free public library. Later, the people of Puerto Rico elected him, the founder and head of the New Progressive Party, their Governor. Luis Ferr equates business success with social responsibility and describes himself as "revolutionary in my ideas, liberal in my objectives, and conservative in my methods." The United States honors one of our pioneers of freedom.
ARTHUR FIEDLER
Awarded by
President Gerald R. Ford
January 10, 1977
Violinist, conductor and musical innovator, Maestro Fiedler has bridged the gap between popular and classical music and given millions around the world a greater appreciation of America's rich cultural heritage. His spirit and zest for living have made an immeasurable contribution to the quality of American life.
ELLA FITZGERALD
Awarded by
President George Bush
December 11, 1992
Discovered as a teenager at the Apollo Theatre in Harlem, Ella Fitzgerald and her swing style of vocal jazz transcend the times. Her trademark scat captivates audiences, and as a cultural ambassador, her impressive vocal range stretches across oceans and political boundaries. Honored by the Kennedy Center for her lifetime achievements, inducted into the Jazz Hall of Fame, and awarded the National Medal of Arts, it is fitting that the United States honors this "First Lady of Song."
EDWARD T. FOLLIARD
Awarded by
President Richard M. Nixon
April 22, 1970
Born in Washington, D.C., the nation's capital has been his working base throughout a long and distinguished professional career. His keen insights into the life and politics of the nation's capital have been matched by a perceptive understanding of the broader American scene, and of international affairs. Combining a determined curiosity with energy, integrity and skill, he has won the admiration of his colleagues and contributed greatly to the enlightenment of three generations of readers.
LYNN FONTANNE
Joint Citation for Alfred Lunt and Lynn Fontanne
Awarded by
President Lyndon B. Johnson
September 14, 1964
A luminous partnership of artistic talents and personal devotion they have brilliantly enlivened and enriched the American stage.
BETTY FORD
Awarded by
President George Bush
November 18, 1991
Betty Ford has championed many causes, both as a First Lady and a leading citizen of this land. Even while she served as a full partner to her husband throughout his years in Congress and the White House, she provided selfless, strong, and refreshing leadership on a number of issues, particularly drug and alcohol dependency. Her courage and candor have inspired millions of Americans to restore their health, protect their dignity, and shape full lives for themselves. The United States honors a generous citizen, a creative spirit, a valiant woman who has struggled for the dignity essential for true freedom.
ERNEST JENNINGS "TENNESSEE ERNIE" FORD
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
March 26, 1984
Through his musical talents, warm personality, and quick "down home" wit Tennessee Ernie Ford won the hearts of the American people. Ford's music, which revealed his character and soul to all who listened, inspired as well as entertained his audiences. His respect for traditional values, his strong faith in God, and his unlimited capacity for human kindness have greatly endeared him to his fellow countrymen.
HENRY FORD II
Awarded by
President Lyndon B. Johnson
January 20, 1969
Henry Ford II symbolizes the concerned and enlightened business leader who holds much of the hope of our Nation's future. He has committed himself and his formidable abilities to leading the effort to find a place at industry's workbench for every American, and he has succeeded in arousing his fellow industrialists to that cause. In him, the genius of American enterprise meets a devotion to the cause of our country, setting a standard of enlightened service which will inspire business leadership for generations to come.
JOHN FORD
Awarded by
President Richard M. Nixon
March 31, 1973
In the annals of American film, no name shines more brightly than that of John Ford. Director and film maker for more than half a century, he stands preeminent in the crowd, not only as a creator of individual films of surpassing excellence, but as a master among those who transformed the early motion pictures into a compelling new art form that developed in America and swept the world. As an interpreter of the nation's heritage, he left his personal stamp indelibly imprinted on the consciousness of whole generations, both here and abroad. In his life and in his work, John Ford represents the best in American films, and the very best in America.
JUSTICE FELIX FRANKFURTER
Awarded by
President John F. Kennedy
December 6, 1963
Jurist, scholar, counselor, conversationalist, he has brought to all his roles a zest and a wisdom which has made him teacher to his time.
MILTON FRIEDMAN
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
October 17, 1988
Teacher, scholar, theoristMilton Friedman restored common sense to the world of economics. A winner of the Nobel Prize, Milton Friedman's technical mastery of his profession is unchallenged. But more central to his work is its moral component: an idea of human freedom in which man's economic rights are as vital as his civil and human rights. It is for his celebration of the human spirit as well as the brilliance of his mind that I bestow upon Milton Friedman the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
JUDGE HENRY J. FRIENDLY
Awarded by
President Gerald R. Ford
January 10, 1977
Honored student and servant of the law, man of intellect and wisdom, he brought a brilliance and a sense of precision to American Jurisprudence, sharpening its focus and strengthening its commitment to the high goal of equal and exact justice for every American citizen.
R. BUCKMINSTER FULLER
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
February 23, 1983
A true Renaissance Man, and one of the greatest minds of our times, Richard Buckminster Fuller's contributions as a geometrician, educator, and architectdesigner are benchmarks of accomplishment in their fields. Among his most notable inventions and discoveries are synergetic geometry, geodesic structures and tensegrity structures. Mr. Fuller reminds us all that America is a land of pioneers, haven for innovative thinking and the free expression of ideas.
DR. HECTOR GARCIA
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
March 26, 1984
Dr. Hector Garcia's patriotism and community concern exemplify the meaning of good citizenship. His many community-building endeavors included his work as a founder and first National Chairman of the American G.I. Forum, a veterans' organization which has done much to improve the lot of Americans of Mexican descent. Over the years, he has faithfully represented our government on numerous occasions, overseas and domestically. Dr. Hector Garcia is a credit to his family and community, and to all Americans.
DR. JOHN W. GARDNER
Awarded by
President Lyndon B. Johnson
September 14, 1964
Guardian and critic of American education, he has inspired our schools and colleges toward his own goal of increasing excellence.
ARTHUR J. GOLDBERG
Awarded by
President Jimmy Carter
July 26, 1978
Arthur J. Goldberg, Secretary of Labor, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, United States Representative to the United Nations, Ambassador at Large and soldier in World War II. During an eminent career of almost fifty years, Arthur Goldberg has shown his deep commitment to individual human dignity, to peace and to the cause of human rights. As a practicing attorney and counsel for the labor movement, a legal scholar, educator and a public servant, he has displayed an extraordinary capacity to bring people together, mediate differences, and to help solve the pressing problems of our age. By combining idealism and vision with wisdom and common sense, Arthur Goldberg has served his country well.
BARRY MORRIS GOLDWATER
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
May 12, 1986
Soldier and statesman, Barry Morris Goldwater has stood at the center of American history. Respected by both ally and adversary, Barry Goldwater's celebrated candor and patriotism have made him an American legend. Hailed as a prophet before his time, selfless in the service of his nation, Barry Goldwater has earned the unbounded affection and admiration of his countrymen and the enduring gratitude of all future generations of Americans.
SAMUEL GOLDWYN
Awarded by
President Richard M. Nixon
March 27, 1971
His career as a producer of distinguished motion pictures spans the entire history of the American film industry. Since 1913 he has exercised forceful, creative leadership in helping the medium of film to realize its great twofold potential in twentieth century life: Goldwyn movies have not only entertained and delighted millionsthey have also broadened the dimensions of dramatic art. Professionally, he has built a body of work whose excellence is unequalled; personally, he stands as a well-loved and widely respected giant on the Hollywood scene. The hallmarks of his life and work are fierce independence, deep respect for quality, strict ethics, and uncompromising integrity. For these, generations of film artists and a nation of moviegoers are in his debt.
GEN. ANDREW GOODPASTER
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
March 26, 1984
During his long service to his country, General Andrew Goodpaster shouldered heavy responsibility and worked tirelessly with the highest professional standards. His organizational and diplomatic skills helped shape the NATO Alliance and develop American military and foreign policy over three decades. As Supreme Allied Commander of the NATO Alliance, Presidential representative, and soldier, General Goodpaster has earned a well-deserved reputation as a thoughtful and diligent public servant. His work has contributed immensely to the security and freedom of his country and to the cause of peace.
REV. BILLY GRAHAM
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
February 23, 1983
Reverend William "Billy" Graham's untiring evangelism has spread the word of God to every corner of the globe, and made him one of the most inspirational spiritual leaders of the Twentieth Century. As a deeply committed Christian, his challenge to accept Jesus Christ has lifted the hearts, assuaged the sorrows and renewed the hopes of millions. Billy Graham is an American who lives first and always for his fellow citizens. In honoring him, we give thanks for God's greatest spiritual giftsfaith, hope, and love.
MARTHA GRAHAM
Awarded by
President Gerald R. Ford
October 14, 1976
Dancer, teacher, and choreographer, Martha Graham has captivated the world with her magic and has left a legacy of imagination with all who have witnessed her talent. Her energy, creativity and daring have opened new doors of expression in dance. Her followers and friends adore her, and her country, the United States of America, is proud to proclaim her a brilliant star and a National treasure.
ELLA T. GRASSO
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
October 9, 1981
Long before the women's movement had gained prominence, Ella Grasso had already begun the long, hard ascent to distinction as an elected public servant. A fond wife and mother, she proved that it is possible to reconcile a full family life with a long and eventful political career. As a champion of moral as well as political principle, Mrs. Grasso won the respect of fellow citizens of both parties and served as the first woman governor to be elected to office in her own right. Tireless in the pursuit of duty and courageous in the face of illness, Ella Grasso has earned the admiration of all Americans as a legislator, a governor and a woman of outstanding character and achievement.
HANNA HOLBORN GRAY
Awarded by
President George Bush
November 18, 1991
As historian and humanist, teacher and university leader, Hanna Holborn Gray has assured that young generations learn the fundamentals of our civilizationtruths that never bend to fashion. In the highest ranks of academic leadership, she has strengthened Yale University and the University of Chicago and ensured that they remain among the world's great teaching and research universities. The United States honors Hanna Gray for devoting her abundant talent and energy to the causes of excellence, truth, and freedom.
BEVERLY SILLS GREENOUGH
Awarded by
President Jimmy Carter
June 9, 1980
Beverly Sills has captured with her voice every note of human feeling, and with her superb dramatic talent projected them out to us with ringing clarity. Through her many and diverse roles, she tells and retells opera's intensely heightened stories of human folly, goodness, pain and triumph. She has touched and delighted audiences throughout the world as a performer, as a recording artist, and now as a producerand of all her arts she is a master.
PHILIP C. HABIB
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
September 7, 1982
As the President's Special Emissary, Ambassador Philip C. Habib came out of retirement in 1981 to serve his country in the pursuit of peace and justice in the Middle East. His successful negotiation of the cease-fire in Lebanon and the resolution of the West Beirut crisis stands out as one of the unique feats of diplomacy in modern times. Ambassador Habib's efforts conducted in the most difficult and trying of circumstances over a period of months, not only brought honor and respect to the United States but also won for him world-wide admiration. Of the greatest importance, Philip Habib's mission saved the City of Beirut and thousands of innocent lives and brought us one step closer to a peaceful resolution to the ArabIsraeli conflict.
FRED WALLACE HAISE, JR.
Awarded by
President Richard M. Nixon
April 18, 1970
Adversity brings out the character of a man. Confronted suddenly and unexpectedly with grave peril in the far reaches of space, he demonstrated a calm courage and quiet heroism that stand as an example to men everywhere. His safe return is a triumph of the human spiritof those special qualities of man himself we rely on when machines fail, and that we rely on also for those things that machines cannot do. From the start, the exploration of space has been hazardous adventure. The voyage of Apollo 13 dramatized its risks. The men of Apollo 13, by their poise and skill under the most intense kind of pressure, epitomized the character that accepts danger and surmounts it. Theirs is the spirit that built America. With gratitude and admiration, America salutes their spirit and their achievement.
BRYCE N. HARLOW
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
October 9, 1981
Counsellor to Presidents and sage observer of nearly half a century of Washington history, Bryce Harlow's vision, integrity and persuasiveness have helped to shape his nation's destiny as leader of the Free World. Never a candidate for elected office himself, his experience and advice have helped bring out the best in countless public servants of both parties, in the White House, in the Congress and across the nation. Bryce Harlow is a sterling example of the positive side of politicsa life spent reconciling divergent interests, serving high moral principles, and channeling the forces of public policy toward the public good.
W. AVERELL HARRIMAN
Awarded by
President Lyndon B. Johnson
January 20, 1969
Averrell Harriman, in a career of service that spans a rich and varied lifetime, a generation, has scaled the heights of patriotism as few men in our history have. He is a man of singular grace and forceful spirit, who has answered his country's call in crisis and calm alike, never hesitating to put his abundant energy and manifold talents to the tasks at hand. The peace for which the world hungers will, when it comes, bear his print forever.
WILLIAM M. HENRY
Awarded by
President Richard M. Nixon
April 22, 1970
He proudly claimed but one title: Reporter. The many thousands who read his column, and listened to his broadcasts knew that he was one of the best of reporters, and more. A newspaperman since 1911, and a pioneer of broadcast journalism nearly half a century ago, he covered sports, politics, and all the rich variety of human activity that is the news. His column "By the Way" became an institution among Californians. He brought to his work a unique talent, a warm love of humanity, an unfailing fairness, and a devoted professional's respect for his craft.
AUDREY HEPBURN
Awarded by
President George Bush
December 11, 1992
As a gifted actress, Audrey Hepburn captured the hearts of millions. Yet she has a most profound effect on young people who will never know her as a princess in "Roman Holiday," as a model in "Funny Face," or as the woman in black in "Breakfast at Tiffany's." With a passion that rivals her beauty, Audrey Hepburn is a tireless worker and a devoted Special Ambassador for the United Nation's International Children's Emergency Fund. America is proud to honor Audrey Hepburn, a star whose light is reflected not only on movie screens but in the bright smiles of children around the world.
THE REVEREND THEODORE M. HESBURGH
Awarded by
President Lyndon B. Johnson
September 14, 1964
Educator and humanitarian, he has inspired a generation of students and given of his wisdom in the struggle for the rights of man.
ERIC HOFFER
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
February 23, 1983
The son of immigrant parents, Eric Hoffer is an example of both the opportunity and the vitality of the American way of life. After overcoming his loss of sight as a child, Eric Hoffer educated himself in our public libraries. As an adult he has relished hard work and believed in its dignity, spending 23 years in jobs ranging from lumberjack to dockworker. As America's longshoreman philosopher, his books on philosophy have become classics. Mr. Hoffer's spirit, self-reliance and great accomplishments remind us all that the United States remains a land where each of us is free to achieve the best that lies within us.
PAUL G. HOFFMAN
Awarded by
President Richard M. Nixon
June 21, 1974
Industrialist, philanthropist, and towering international statesman, Paul Hoffman has always exemplified what is best about America. His generous humanitarian spirit and his genius for administrative challenges have made a profound impact for good within our own country and throughout our planet.
Paul Hoffman played a central role in moving the world out of the devastation of World War II and through a difficult period of decolonization and emergent nationhood. He was a bold pioneer in the field of international development assistance. The force of his deeds and the power of his example have made a unique and monumental contribution to world peace and progress.
DR. JEROME HARTWELL HOLLAND
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
May 23, 1985
Dr. Jerome Hartwell Holland, one of thirteen children in a small-town family in New York State, rose from poverty to become a leading educator, civil rights activist, author and diplomat. Dr. Holland dedicated his career to improving the lives of others, particularly his fellow black Americans, and to working for peace. A man of vigor and wisdom, Dr. Holland led a life of service, the memory of which today serves as an inspiration to millions.
KARL HOLTON
Awarded by
President John F. Kennedy
December 6, 1963
Innovator in applying imaginative solutions to problems of juvenile delinquency, he has contributed generously to developing responsible citizenship among our youth.
SIDNEY HOOK
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
May 23, 1985
Scholar, philosopher, and thinkerSidney Hook stands out as one of the most eminent intellectual forces of our time. His commitment to rational thought and civil discourse has made him an eloquent spokesman for fair play in public life. His devotion to freedom made him one of the first to warn the intellectual world of its moral obligations and personal stake in the struggle between freedom and totalitarianism. A man of truth, a man of action, Sidney Hook's life and work make him one of America's greatest scholars, patriots, and lovers of liberty.
BOB HOPE
Awarded by
President Lyndon B. Johnson
January 20, 1969
Over the span of a generation, Bob Hope has lightened America's heart. He has brought laughter into the lives of millions. He has given unstintingly of himself, his time, and his talents in support of a host of worthy causes on behalf of his country. He has brought happiness and pleasure to American fighting men on the battlefronts of three wars. With his gifts of joy to all the American people, he has written his name large in the history of our times.
WILLIAM J. HOPKINS
Awarded by
President Richard M. Nixon
June 2, 1971
During his forty years in the White House, under seven Presidents, William J. Hopkins has written a record of skilled and devoted service unique in the annals of the Presidency. Not only has he borne heavy responsibilities with great efficiency and uncommon good sense, but each new President in turn has learned to rely on him as a fount of wisdom, a reservoir of experience and a rock of loyalty.
Guiding each new administration through its initial steps, standing as a staunch friend to all, he has been, in the best sense, a selfless partisan of the Presidency, and of the Nation that these seven Presidents have been able to serve better because of the help that he gave.
VLADIMIR HOROWITZ
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
July 28, 1986
He has said that it remains the purpose of his life to bring meaning to music each time he plays. With masterful technique, consummate musicianship, and profound humanity, Vladimir Horowitz brings not only meaning to music, but joy and beauty and meaning to all our lives. This adopted son of America, the last of the great romantics as he is sometimes called, is more than a national treasure, he is a treasure to people the world over.
HUBERT H. HUMPHREY
Awarded by
President Jimmy Carter
June 9, 1980
Hubert H. Humphrey awed us with the scope of his knowledge; he inspired us with the depth of his sympathy; he moved us with his passion for social justice; he delighted us with his joyous love of his fellow human beings. He brought honor and enthusiasm to everything he did. He ennobled the political process.
ARCHBISHOP IAKOVOS
Awarded by
President Jimmy Carter
June 9, 1980
Greek Orthodox Archbishop Iakovos has long put into practice what he has preached. As a progressive religious leader concerned with human rights and the ecumenical movement, he has marched with Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and has met with the Pope. As the Primate of the Greek Orthodox Church of North and South America concerned with his congregation, he has given guidance to millions.
SEN. HENRY MARTIN JACKSON
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
June 26, 1984
Representative and Senator for more than four decades, Henry Martin Jackson was one of the greatest lawmakers of our century. He helped to build the community of democracies and worked tirelessly to keep it vigorous and secure. He pioneered in the preservation of the Nation's natural heritage, and he embodied integrity and decency in the profession of politics. For those who make freedom their cause Henry Jackson will always inspire honor, courage, and hope.
JACOB K. JAVITS
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
February 23, 1983
In an outstanding public career of nearly 34 years Jacob Javits has distinguished himself as a New York State Attorney General, United States Representative and United States Senator. He has ably represented the people of New York in the Congress and all Americans to the world. With leadership and wisdom he has guided America through historic turning points, striving always for justice at home and peace in the world.
HIS HOLINESS, POPE JOHN XXIII
Awarded by
President Lyndon B. Johnson
December 6, 1963
His Holiness Pope John XXIII, dedicated servant of God. He brought to all citizens of the planet a heightened sense of the dignity of the individual, of the brotherhood of man, and of the common duty to build an environment of peace for all human kind.
CLARENCE L. JOHNSON
Awarded by
President Lyndon B. Johnson
September 14, 1964
Aeronautical engineer, his genius for conceiving unique airframes and his technical management skills contribute mightily to the Nation's security by creating aircraft of daring design with unmatched rapidity and effectiveness.
LADY BIRD JOHNSON
Awarded by
President Gerald R. Ford
January 10, 1977
One of America's great First Ladies, she claimed her own place in the hearts and history of the American people. In councils of power or in homes of the poor, she made government human with her unique compassion and her grace, warmth and wisdom. Her leadership transformed the American landscape and preserved its natural beauty as a national treasure.
LYNDON BAINES JOHNSON
Awarded by
President Jimmy Carter
June 9, 1980
Lyndon B. Johnson cared deeply about our country, its citizens, and the condition of their lives. He knew well how to translate concern into action, and action into a national agenda. He did more than any American of his time to break the chains of injustice, illiteracy, poverty and sickness. We are a greater society because President Johnson lived among us and worked for us.
WALTER H. JUDD
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
October 9, 1981
Legislator, physician, missionary and orator, Walter Judd has served his nation and mankind with unfailing courage and distinctionas a youthful medical missionary in China, as a highly respected Member of Congress for two decades, and as a lifelong foe of tyranny and friend of freedom both at home and abroad. The skills of a healer, the eloquence of a great communicator, and his firm grasp of domestic and international affairs have made Walter Judd an articulate spokesman for all those who cherish liberty and a model for all Americans who aspire to serve mankind as physicians, spiritual leaders and statesmen.
SEN. HENRY MARTIN JACKSON
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
June 26, 1984
Representative and Senator for more than four decades, Henry Martin Jackson was one of the greatest lawmakers of our century. He helped to build the community of democracies and worked tirelessly to keep it vigorous and secure. He pioneered in the preservation of the Nation's natural heritage, and he embodied integrity and decency in the profession of politics. For those who make freedom their cause Henry Jackson will always inspire honor, courage, and hope.
JACOB K. JAVITS
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
February 23, 1983
In an outstanding public career of nearly 34 years Jacob Javits has distinguished himself as a New York State Attorney General, United States Representative and United States Senator. He has ably represented the people of New York in the Congress and all Americans to the world. With leadership and wisdom he has guided America through historic turning points, striving always for justice at home and peace in the world.
HIS HOLINESS, POPE JOHN XXIII
Awarded by
President Lyndon B. Johnson
December 6, 1963
His Holiness Pope John XXIII, dedicated servant of God. He brought to all citizens of the planet a heightened sense of the dignity of the individual, of the brotherhood of man, and of the common duty to build an environment of peace for all human kind.
CLARENCE L. JOHNSON
Awarded by
President Lyndon B. Johnson
September 14, 1964
Aeronautical engineer, his genius for conceiving unique airframes and his technical management skills contribute mightily to the Nation's security by creating aircraft of daring design with unmatched rapidity and effectiveness.
LADY BIRD JOHNSON
Awarded by
President Gerald R. Ford
January 10, 1977
One of America's great First Ladies, she claimed her own place in the hearts and history of the American people. In councils of power or in homes of the poor, she made government human with her unique compassion and her grace, warmth and wisdom. Her leadership transformed the American landscape and preserved its natural beauty as a national treasure.
LYNDON BAINES JOHNSON
Awarded by
President Jimmy Carter
June 9, 1980
Lyndon B. Johnson cared deeply about our country, its citizens, and the condition of their lives. He knew well how to translate concern into action, and action into a national agenda. He did more than any American of his time to break the chains of injustice, illiteracy, poverty and sickness. We are a greater society because President Johnson lived among us and worked for us.
WALTER H. JUDD
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
October 9, 1981
Legislator, physician, missionary and orator, Walter Judd has served his nation and mankind with unfailing courage and distinctionas a youthful medical missionary in China, as a highly respected Member of Congress for two decades, and as a lifelong foe of tyranny and friend of freedom both at home and abroad. The skills of a healer, the eloquence of a great communicator, and his firm grasp of domestic and international affairs have made Walter Judd an articulate spokesman for all those who cherish liberty and a model for all Americans who aspire to serve mankind as physicians, spiritual leaders and statesmen.
EDGAR KAISER
Awarded by
President Lyndon B. Johnson
January 20, 1969
Edgar Kaiser is a pioneer whose leadership has helped the Nation begin to make good on its pledge of a decent home for every American. He has brought his long experience and his business skills to the problem of building houses within the reach of all our people. The America of the future will be built on foundations he has helped to lay.
FREDERICK KAPPEL
Awarded by
President Lyndon B. Johnson
September 14, 1964
A creative leader of business, he synthesizes the skills of management with a farsighted appreciation of how technology and communications may better serve our country.
IRVING ROBERT KAUFMAN
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
October 7, 1987
Irving Robert Kaufman became an assistant Federal prosecutor at the age of 25. More than five decades later, both his energy and his devotion to the rule of law remain utterly unflagging. Assistant Federal prosecutor, Special Assistant to the United States Attorney General, District Court judge, judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, member of countless panels and commissions, including the leadership of the President's Commission on Organized CrimeJudge Kaufman has brought to each his practical skills, his zeal for justice, and, again, that remarkable energy. He is a distinguished jurist and a great American.
DANNY KAYE
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
June 23, 1987
An entertainer, humanitarian, and an individual who lifted the spirit of his fellow countrymen, his enthusiasm for life infected all who saw him. He spread laughter and good will, touching the hearts of people throughout the world, especially young people. He was a true professional, a star of film, stage, television, and radio. His dedication to helping less fortunate children is also remembered. He was a good man, a pro who cared, an example of the best in America's soul. And he will always be remembered around the world by millions of children for his unselfish willingness to serve every time the U.N. called upon him to do so.
HELEN KELLER
Awarded by
President Lyndon B. Johnson
September 14, 1964
An example of courage to all mankind, she has devoted her life to illuminating the dark world of the blind and the handicapped.
GEORGE KENNAN
Awarded by
President George Bush
July 6, 1989
Career diplomat, historian, educator, George Kennan has helped shape American foreign policy since 1933. His many years in government service and a lifetime of scholarly writings revealed a deep insight into EastWest relations, a recognition of the challenges of totalitarian expansion, as well as a man of extraordinary sensitivity. For his success in advancing our national security and for his many contributions to the study of international affairs, George Kennan's fellow Americans proudly honor him.
JOHN FITZGERALD KENNEDY
Awarded by
President Lyndon B. Johnson
December 6, 1963
John Fitzgerald Kennedy, 35th President of the United States, soldier, scholar, statesman, defender of freedom, pioneer for peace, author of hopecombining courage with reason, and combating hate with compassion, he led the land he loved toward new frontiers of opportunity for all men and peace for all time. Beloved in a life of selfless service, mourned by all in a death of senseless crime, the energy, faith and devotion which he brought to his extraordinarily successful though tragically brief endeavors will hereafter "light our country and all who serve itand the glow from that fire can truly light the world."
MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR.
Awarded by
President Jimmy Carter
July 11, 1977
Martin Luther King, Jr., was the conscience of his generation. He gazed upon the great wall of segregation and saw that the power of love could bring it down. From the pain and exhaustion of his fight to fulfill the promises of our founding fathers for our humblest citizens, he wrung his eloquent statement of his dream for America. He made our nation stronger because he made it better. His dream sustains us yet.
ROBERT J. KIPHUTH
Awarded by
President John F. Kennedy
December 6, 1963
Teacher and coach, he has inspired generations of athletes with high ideals of achievement and sportsmanship.
JEANE KIRKPATRICK
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
May 23, 1985
For four years as the Representative of the United States to the United Nations, Ambassador Jeane Kirkpatrick held high the flag of our country with courage and wisdom. She is an endlessly articulate spokeswoman for the moral and practical benefits of freedom and a tireless defender of the decency of the West. Jeane Kirkpatrick is a patriot, and there is no honor more appropriate for her than one entitled, "The Presidential Medal of Freedom." It's bestowed this day by a nation that knows Jeane Kirkpatrick's work has only just begun.
LINCOLN KIRSTEIN
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
March 26, 1984
Lincoln Kirstein is an author and entrepreneur who has honored and delighted Americans through his enormous contribution to ballet in our country. Through his commitment, two major institutions of American dance, the New York City Ballet and the School of American Ballet, were created and flourished. Developing and fostering appreciation for the arts have always depended on the energy, creativity, and commitment of individual citizens. Lincoln Kirstein stands tall as one of a select and treasured few in the world of American art.
HENRY A. KISSINGER
Awarded by
President Gerald R. Ford
January 13, 1977
Henry A. Kissinger, scholar, statesman and public servant. By his extraordinary achievements he has earned a place in the first rank of American patriots. A principal architect of America's diplomacy under two Presidents, he guided the Nation in meeting the responsibilities of world leadership. A brilliant negotiator, he wielded America's great power with wisdom and compassion in the service of peace. He is honored by a grateful President and Nation in the expectation that the past is but prologue.
ROBERT W. KOMER
Awarded by
President Lyndon B. Johnson
December 23, 1967
His long record of Government service has been in posts with a high degree of sensitivity, involving often the most confidential relationship with his superiors and with the office of the President. He has brought to these assignments a trained and disciplined mind, high intelligence, unflagging zeal, and an unusual ability to master a wide range of problems. The excellence of his performance, and the depth of his knowledge of the exceedingly complex and difficult problems with which our Government is faced in Vietnam caused the President to appoint him to the post of Deputy to General Westmoreland with the rank of Ambassador, with responsibility for civil operations and revolutionary development support. Taking over his post at a time when the organization of our supporting role was undergoing major changes he has exhibited immense dedication, drive, imagination, organizing ability and skill. He has contributed greatly to the effectiveness of our supporting role and to the steady progress being made in the crucial area of pacification. He has thus made an outstanding contribution to the United States effort in Vietnam.
ARTHUR KROCK
Awarded by
President Richard M. Nixon
April 22, 1970
From the police beat in Louisville to a position of the highest eminence among the world's journalists, he built a reputation that made his name synonymous with excellence and integrity. His incisive reporting, perceptive analysis, sound judgment and subtle humor have made a unique contribution to the understanding of the American process both at home and abroad. In the all-time roster of great Washington correspondentsand in the history of political reportinghis colleagues, his competitors, his readers, and those whose deeds he has chronicled, all would place him in the very first rank.
LOUIS LAMOUR
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
March 26, 1984
Through his western novels, Louis LAmour has played a leading role in shaping our national identity. His writings portrayed the rugged individual and the deep-seated values of those who conquered the American frontier. Starting out from humble beginnings, he has lived a fulfilling and adventurous life. An eminently successful writer, more than 100 million copies of his novels are in print. LAmour's descriptions of America and Americans have added to our understanding of our past and reaffirmed our potential as an exploring, pioneering, and free people.
MELVIN R. LAIRD
Awarded by
President Richard M. Nixon
March 26, 1974
Few men have served America better than Melvin R. Laird. As a promising young State Senator, as an outstanding member of the United States Congress for sixteen years, as Secretary of Defense and as Presidential Counsellor for Domestic Affairs, he has superbly demonstrated a love of country, a strong capability for leadership and a brilliant understanding of people and ideas. Lawmaker, administrator, theorist and master of the American political process, Melvin Laird has helped to preserve a strong, free United States and has left an indelible mark on the history of our times.
EDWIN H. LAND
Awarded by
President John F. Kennedy
December 6, 1963
Scientist and inventor, he has brought his creative gifts to bear in industry, government and education, enriching the lives of millions by giving new dimensions to photography.
MARY LASKER
Awarded by
President Lyndon B. Johnson
January 20, 1969
Humanist, philanthropist, activistMary Lasker has inspired understanding and productive legislation which improved the lot of mankind. In medical research, in adding grace and beauty to the environment, and in exhorting her fellow citizens to rally to the cause of progress, she has made a lasting imprint on the quality of life in this country. She has led her President and the Congress to greater heights for justice for her people and beauty for her land.
DAVID LAWRENCE
Awarded by
President Richard M. Nixon
April 22, 1970
Writer of the first Washington dispatch to be syndicated nationally by wire, he has served his profession, his nation and his audiences for more than 60 years as reporter, correspondent, news commentator, columnist, editor and author. Since the days of Woodrow Wilson's Presidency, he has been recognized as a distinguished interpreter of the American political scene. He has won and held the respect of millions for his perception, his judgment, his fairness, and his devotion to the principles on which America was founded.
GOV. HERBERT H. LEHMAN
Awarded by
President John F. Kennedy
December 6, 1963
Citizen and statesman, he has used wisdom and compassion as the tools of government and has made politics the highest form of public service.
MORRIS I. LEIBMAN
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
October 9, 1981
Attorney, teacher, scholar and philanthropist, Morris Leibman is living proof that a full career in the private sector can flourish hand in hand with civic and humanitarian duties. As a generous patron of the arts and charities, as a legal scholar as well as practitioner, as a founding member of the Georgetown University Center for Strategic and International Studies and as chairman of the American Bar Association's Standing Committee on Law and National Security, Morris Leibman has served selflessly to make America a just, healthy society within and a strong, secure nation without.
LYMAN L. LEMNITZER
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
June 23, 1987
A brave and dedicated military officer who served our nation in peace and war, General Lemnitzer's skill as a tactician, planner, and negotiator was instrumental in the Second World War. He fought in Korea, he served as U.S. commander in chief in Europe, and eventually became the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. His life has been one marked by high military skill and unselfish devotion to his country.
JOHN L. LEWIS
Awarded by
President Lyndon B. Johnson
September 14, 1964
Eloquent spokesman of labor, he has given voice to the aspirations of the industrial workers of the country and led the cause of free trade unions within a healthy system of free enterprise.
GEORGE GOULD LINCOLN
Awarded by
President Richard M. Nixon
April 22, 1970
A journalist since 1902, he has been a perceptive professional witness to the events of the Twentieth Century almost from the day of its beginning. He has reported those events with great integrity, unfailing skill and uncompromising professionalism. His consistently excellent reporting of history-in-the-making from his native Washington, D.C. has been, through these years of sweeping change, one of the most admired achievements in all of American journalism.
WALTER LIPPMANN
Awarded by
President Lyndon B. Johnson
September 14, 1964
Profound interpreter of his country and the affairs of the world, he has enlarged the horizons of public thinking for more than five decades through the power of measured reason and detached perspective.
EUGENE MURPHY LOCKE
Awarded by
President Lyndon B. Johnson
December 23, 1967
A distinguished citizen of Texas, he was appointed by President Johnson to be Ambassador to Pakistan in 1966. He served with enormous skill in this important post at a time of difficulties in U.S.Pakistan relations and when relations between the two great countries of the sub-continent, both good friends of the United States, were under considerable strain. He made a significant contribution to the improvement of U.S.Pakistan relations. His ability to grasp problems quickly, and the qualities of firmness, tact, and political insight he brought to bear on the issues with which he was confronted there led President Johnson to name him as Deputy Ambassador to the Republic of Vietnam. To this vital post Ambassador Locke has brought impressive energy, high intelligence, integrity, understanding and wisdom, qualities which have won for him the esteem and respect of his colleagues and of Vietnamese in official and unofficial circles. In this most difficult and complex situation Ambassador Locke has acted with single-minded devotion in carrying forward the crucial task in which the United States is engaged on the soil of Vietnam.
JAMES ARTHUR LOVELL, JR.
Awarded by
President Richard M. Nixon
April 18, 1970
Adversity brings out the character of a man. Confronted suddenly and unexpectedly with grave peril in the far reaches of space, he demonstrated a calm courage and quiet heroism that stand as an example to men everywhere. His safe return is a triumph of the human spiritof those special qualities of man himself we rely on when machines fail, and that we rely on also for those things that machines cannot do.
From the start, the exploration of space has been hazardous adventure. The voyage of Apollo 13 dramatized its risks. The men of Apollo 13, by their poise and skill under the most intense kind of pressure, epitomized the character that accepts danger and surmounts it. Theirs is the spirit that built America. With gratitude and admiration, America salutes their spirit and their achievement.
ROBERT A. LOVETT
Awarded by
President John F. Kennedy
December 6, 1963
Servant of the Republic, he has set high standards for the private citizen in public service by his selfless dedication to the national security under four Presidents.
DR. GEORGE M. LOW
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
May 23, 1985
During his distinguished public service at NASA, Dr. George M. Low helped lead this nation's space program to its greatest achievements, directing the first manned landing on the moon and planning the shuttle program. As President of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, he continued to make his mark on the future, improving academic excellence and launching a program to spur technological innovation. Our Nation will be reaping the benefits of his wisdom and vision for years to come.
CHARLES LEROY LOWMAN, M.D.
Awarded by
President Richard M. Nixon
July 27, 1974
A pioneer in medicine, a physician of surpassing skill, and a great humanitarian, Dr. Charles LeRoy Lowman has devoted his life to the service of his fellow man. His good works have enriched the lives of thousands of patients, but none more so than the generations of handicapped children who have been treated at the hospital that he founded in Los Angeles early in this century. The world will long be indebted to this distinguished and noble American.
CLARE BOOTH LUCE
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
February 23, 1983
A novelist, playwright, politician, diplomat, and advisor to Presidents, Clare Booth Luce has served and enriched her country in many fields. Her brilliance of mind, gracious warmth and great fortitude have propelled her to exceptional heights of accomplishment. As a Congresswoman, Ambassador, and Member of the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board, Clare Booth Luce has been a persistent and effective advocate of freedom, both at home and abroad. She has earned the respect of people from all over the world, and the love of her fellow Americans.
JOSEPH M.A.H. LUNS
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
May 30, 1984
On his retirement, after almost thirteen years at NATO's helm, I take immense pleasure in awarding Secretary General Joseph Luns the Presidential Medal of FreedomAmerica's highest civilian awardfor his staunch defense of the transatlantic partnership; for his manifold initiatives to strengthen the Atlantic Alliance; for his vision of and tireless efforts toward building a more secure Atlantic Community; and for a career of uncommon dedication and singular contributions to peace and the Atlantic Alliance.
ALFRED LUNT
Joint Citation for Alfred Lunt and Lynn Fontanne
Awarded by
President Lyndon B. Johnson
September 14, 1964
A luminous partnership of artistic talents and personal devotion they have brilliantly enlivened and enriched the American stage.
HELEN HAYES MACARTHUR
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
May 12, 1986
Many are admired, but few are beloved, and fewer still are both. But Helen Hayes is and has been for almost all the years of this century both. Peerless actress, peerless star, she has excelled on stage, screen, and television, playing everything from virtuous young ingenues to Victorian queens. Helen Hayes is that rare thinga true original. She is also, demonstrably, a great actress, a great patriot, and a great soul.
JEAN FAIRCLOTH MACARTHUR
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
October 17, 1988
Vibrant, charming, brave, and ever loyalas she always puts it"to my General," Jean MacArthur has witnessed the great cataclysms of our time, survived war and peace, conquered tragedy, and known triumph. Whether on a PT boat evading enemy ships in the South China Sea or being welcomed home by all Americans in 1951, Jean MacArthur was and is a shining examplea woman of substance and character; a loyal wife and mother; and like her General, a patriot selfless in the service of our country and the cause of freedom.
J. CLIFFORD MACDONALD
Awarded by
President John F. Kennedy
December 6, 1963
Businessman and philanthropist, he has directed his concern to the quiet but noble work of enlarging the lives and opportunities of the physically and mentally handicapped.
ARCHIBALD MACLEISH
Awarded by
President Gerald R. Ford
January 10, 1977
Poet and playwright, teacher and statesman, Archibald MacLeish has combined the vocation of man of letters with that of public spokesman. A poet of realities as well as dreams, his eloquent words are matched by his sensitive social conscience. He seeks truth inspired by love of his fellow men and of his country. We are proud to recognize his stature as a humanist, an artist, and an American.
JOHN MACY
Awarded by
President Lyndon B. Johnson
January 20, 1969
John Macy recruited more talent of proven ability into government service than any other man of our time. In demanding only the bestand in seeking it outhe set a standard of excellence that will serve as a benchmark for many years to come. Our governments is stronger today from top to bottom because of his efforts. The government is fairer, too, because John Macy insisted that Equal Employment Opportunity meant what it says. He insisted only on ability and character, without regard to religion or race or color or section.
DR. DUMAS MALONE
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
February 23, 1983
As one of the foremost historians, authors, and scholars of this century, Dumas Malone has recounted the birth of our Nation and the ideals of our Founding Fathers. Among Dr. Malone's most notable accomplishments is his biography of Thomas Jefferson, now regarded as the most authoritative work of its kind. Dr. Malone's contributions to our national lore will remain invaluable to succeeding generations as each takes up responsibility for the heritage of freedom so eloquently described in his articles and books.
MICHAEL MANSFIELD
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
January 19, 1989
During World War I, Mike Mansfield, not yet 15, enlisted in the United States Navy, crossing the Atlantic seven times before he was discharged. His service to country would span seven decades and would help shape America's destiny as a Pacific power. Through 34 years in Congressincluding 16 as Senate majority leaderand with more than a decade as U.S. Ambassador to Japan, Mike Mansfield has set his indelible mark upon American foreign policy and distinguished himself as a dedicated public servant and loyal American.
J. WILLARD MARRIOTT
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
October 17, 1988
The son of a humble Utah sheep rancher, J. Willard Marriott turned a small root beer stand in the Nation's Capital into one of America's largest and most successful businesses. Known for his vision, ingenuity, and hard work, J. Willard Marriott will also be remembered as a man of devotion to family, a leader in his church, a respected voice in the halls of government, and as a man who in his life and career brought honor to America.
JOHN J. MCCLOY
Awarded by
President John F. Kennedy
December 6, 1963
Diplomat and public servant, banker to the world and godfather to German freedom, he has brought cheerful wisdom and steady effectiveness to the tasks of war and peace.
JOHN A. MCCONE
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
June 23, 1987
As Director of Central Intelligence between 1961 and 1965, John A. McCone guided our nation's intelligence community through some of its most difficult hours. He strengthened the Nation's critical capacity for effective intelligence operations, maintained the intelligence community's reputation for unbiased analysis, and played an active role in policy debates. Integrity, patriotismthese qualities have marked his long and distinguished service to our nation.
RALPH MCGILL
Awarded by
President Lyndon B. Johnson
September 14, 1964
Editor and journalist, he has courageously sounded the voice of reason, moderation, and progress during a period of contemporary revolution.
MARGARET CRAIG MCNAMARA
Awarded by
President Jimmy Carter
January 16, 1981
Margaret Craig McNamara saw a need in our society, and filled it. By creating the Reading is FUNdamental program, which has provided youngsters all over this country with millions of books, she has opened new doors in the minds of our young people and has given fresh meaning to the lives of the parents, teachers and volunteers who have joined her program.
ROBERT S. MCNAMARA
Awarded by
President Lyndon B. Johnson
February 28, 1968
For seven years, you have administered our complex Defense establishment unifying our strength so that we might respond effectively wherever the security of our free world was challenged.
A brilliant analyst and modern administrator, you have brought a new dimension to defense planning and decision-making.
You have grasped the urgent social crisis of our timethe awakening of hope among the world's poor.
You have understood that while freedom depends on strength, strength itself depends on the determination of free people.
Your seven long years of unshakeable loyalty to the Republic, to the President, and to all who served beside and under you in the services, is an example for the public servant and an inspiration for your countrymen.
May your selfless servicespent in defending freedombring even greater rewards in the larger work you now undertake to promote freedom throughout the world.
MARGARET MEAD
Awarded by
President Jimmy Carter
January 20, 1979
Margaret Mead was both a student of civilization and an exemplar of it. To a public of millions, she brought the central insight of cultural anthropology: that varying cultural patterns express an underlying human unity. She mastered her discipline, but she also transcended it. Intrepid, independent, plain-spoken, fearless, she remains a model for the young and a teacher from whom all may learn.
GEORGE MEANY
Awarded by
President John F. Kennedy
December 6, 1963
Citizen and national leader, in serving the cause of labor, he has greatly served the cause of his Nation and of freedom in the world.
PROF. ALEXANDER MEIKLEJOHN
Awarded by
President John F. Kennedy
December 6, 1963
Educator and libertarian, as teacher by example and philosopher in practice, his free and fertile mind has influenced the course of American higher education.
KARL MENNINGER
Awarded by
President Jimmy Carter
January 16, 1981
Karl Menninger has taught us much about ourselves and our behavior. An acute observer and social critic, he has put into action what he has put onto paper. As an author and doctor, his works range from popular, written accounts of psychiatry to studies done in his own hospital, from creating homes for parentless children to reforming the penal system. With the wisdom of his years, he truly does represent the ideas of another generationone of the future, rather than of the past.
MABEL MERCER
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
February 23, 1983
Mabel Mercer has been called a living testament to the artfulness of American song, and a legend if there ever was one. Her talent, her elegance and her unique way with a lyric have gathered a devoted following all over the world. Her special style has influenced some of America's most famous performers, earning her the reputation of a singer's singer. Miss Mercer's career has spanned more than 60 years and she continues to delight audiences and critics alike. With her incomparable talent she has helped shape and enrich American music.
JAMES ALBERT MICHENER
Awarded by
President Gerald R. Ford
January 10, 1977
Author, teacher and popular historian, James Michener has entranced a generation with his compelling essays and novels. From "Tales of the South Pacific," to "Centennial," the prolific writings of this master storyteller have expanded the knowledge and enriched the lives of million[s].
LUDWIG MIES VAN DER ROHE
Awarded by
President John F. Kennedy
December 6, 1963
Teacher, designer, master builder, he has conceived soaring structures of glass, steel and concrete which at once embody and evoke the distinctive qualities of our age.
CLARENCE M. MITCHELL, JR.
Awarded by
President Jimmy Carter
June 9, 1980
Clarence M. Mitchell, Jr., for decades waged in the halls of Congress a stubborn, resourceful and historic campaign for social justice. The integrity of this "101st Senator" earned him the respect of friends and adversaries alike. His brilliant advocacy helped translate into law the protests and aspirations of millions consigned too long to second-class citizenship. The hard-won fruits of his labors have made America a better and stronger nation.
RAYMOND MOLEY
Awarded by
President Richard M. Nixon
April 22, 1970
It has been said of him that he is "a master of scientific analysis applied to politics." His exceptional ability as a political analyst is matched by a deep love of his country, and of the principles of democratic government. His long career as a government official, scholar, lecturer, historian and political commentator has been as rich in distinction as it has in variety. A man of thought and a man of action, he has not only studied and analyzed the history of our times, but also helped to make it.
JEAN MONNET
Awarded by
President John F. Kennedy
December 6, 1963
Citizen of France, statesman of the world, he has made persuasion and reason the weapons of statecraft, moving Europe toward unity and the Atlantic nations toward a more effective partnership.
PROF. SAMUEL ELIOT MORISON
Awarded by
President Lyndon B. Johnson
September 14, 1964
Scholar and sailor, this amphibious historian has combined a life of action and literary craftsmanship to lead two generations of Americans on countless voyages of discovery.
LEWIS MUMFORD
Awarded by
President Lyndon B. Johnson
September 14, 1964
In the name of sanity, he has constantly worked to rescue and extend the qualities of urban life that will preserve and stimulate the humane spirit of western civilization.
GOV. LUIS MUOZ-MARN
Awarded by
President John F. Kennedy
December 6, 1963
Poet, politician, public servant, patriot, he has led his people on to new heights of dignity and purpose and transformed a stricken land into a vital society.
EDWARD R. MURROW
Awarded by
President Lyndon B. Johnson
September 14, 1964
A pioneer in education through mass communication, he has brought to all his endeavors the conviction that truth and personal integrity are the ultimate persuaders of men and nations.
EDMUND S. MUSKIE
Awarded by
President Jimmy Carter
January 16, 1981
As Senator and Secretary of State, candidate and citizen, Edmund S. Muskie has captured for himself a place in the public eye and the public's heart. Devoted to his nation and our ideals, he has performed heroically in a time of great challenge, with great fortitude in an era of change.
DR. REINHOLD NIEBUHR
Awarded by
President Lyndon B. Johnson
September 14, 1964
Theologian, teacher, social philosopher, he has invoked the ancient insights of Christianity to illuminate the experience and fortify the will of the modern age.
PAUL H. NITZE
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
November 7, 1985
In a career spanning nine Presidencies, Paul Nitze has made enormous contributions to the freedom and security of his country. Paul Nitze exemplifies the powers of mind, commitment, and character needed to fulfill America's world responsibilities. He was present at the creation of the strategy that has kept us at peace for 40 years. His deep understanding of the issues of war and peace, his discharge of high public assignments, and his advice to those in authority have been invaluable to our national well-being. He remains the most rigorous, demanding, and independent of analysts and the wisest of counselors.
GEORGIA O'KEEFFE
Awarded by
President Gerald R. Ford
January 10, 1977
Painter, teacher, author, and artistic pioneer, Georgia O'Keeffe helped to shape and define the history of modern art in America. For over six decades her sensitivity and skill produced works of striking beauty that span a broad range of contemporary styles. Her country is proud to recognize her as an American of special distinction.
THOMAS P. O'NEILL, JR.
Awarded by
President George Bush
November 18, 1991
In his 50 years of public service, Thomas P. O'Neill, Jr. was not just a man of the House of Representatives; he was a man for the American people. Inheriting the public service tradition from his father, Tip O'Neill had an uncanny ability to understand people and politics. He won 25 consecutive elections, rising to become Speaker of both the Massachusetts and United States House of Representatives while always maintaining his humor, humility, and touch with the people he served. He said, "All politics is local," but he demonstrated that faithful service to the people also well serves the Nation. The United States honors this distinguished legislator for his leadership, amity, good humor, and commitment to service and freedom.
EUGENE ORMANDY
Awarded by
President Richard M. Nixon
January 24, 1970
From early childhood he has possessed superb musical gifts. For thirty-four years he has brought these gifts to the conducting of the Philadelphia Orchestra, a name synonymous with excellence in music. Yet he brings to each performance something more precious than his great gifts; he brings himself. From the rich experiences of his life in music he has fashioned a unique and unforgettable orchestral sound, the sound of Ormandy. He has reminded audiences here in his adopted country and all over the world that the heart of music is a human heart and that the glory of music reflects and sustains the true glory of the human spirit.
JESSE OWENS
Awarded by
President Gerald R. Ford
August 5, 1976
Athlete, humanitarian, speaker, authora master of the spirit as well as the mechanics of sport. He is a winner who knows that winning is not everything. He has shared with others his courage, his dedication to the highest ideals of sportsmanship. His achievements have shown us all the promise of America and his faith in America has inspired countless others to do their best for themselves and for their country.
DAVID PACKARD
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
October 17, 1988
Accomplished businessman and skillful manager, noted philanthropist and public servant of the highest integrityDavid Packard has had a legendary life and career. Dedicated to furthering the pursuit of scientific, technological, and human progress, devoted to his country and the cause of keeping her strong in a dangerous world, David Packard has served the American people effectively, generously, and proudly.
FREDERICK D. PATTERSON
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
June 23, 1987
For five decades, as president and president emeritus of Tuskegee Institute, Dr. Frederick D. Patterson has been one of America's outstanding educators. He is also the founder of the United Negro College Fund and the College Endowment Funding Plan, and through these, he has helped finance excellence throughout America's community of historically black colleges. By his inspiring example of personal excellence and unselfish dedication, he has taught the Nation that, in this land of freedom, no mind should be allowed to go to waste.
DR. NORMAN VINCENT PEALE
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
March 26, 1984
With a deep understanding of human behavior and an appreciation for God's role in our lives, Dr. Norman Vincent Peale helped originate a philosophy of happiness. Through the American Foundation of Religion and Psychiatry and his many books, Dr. Peale became an advocate of the joy of life, helping millions find new meaning in their lives. Few Americans have contributed so much to the personal happiness of their fellow citizens as Dr. Norman Vincent Peale.
GREGORY PECK
Awarded by
President Lyndon B. Johnson
January 20, 1969
An artist who has brought new dignity to the actor's profession, Gregory Peck has enriched the lives of millions. He has given his energies, his talents, and his devotion to causes which have improved the lives of people. He is a humanitarian to whom Americans are deeply indebted.
IEOH MING PEI
Awarded by
President George Bush
December 11, 1992
Perhaps the most famous architect in the world today, I.M. Pei's architectural feats represent the pinnacle of classic modernism. His very name, Ieoh Ming, means "to inscribe brightly," as his buildings have illuminated skylines worldwide. I.M. Pei has found beauty in simplicity and boldness in geometry, setting the standard for modern architecture. For the legacy of artistic elegance he has inscribed in our cities, America honors I.M. Pei.
CLAUDE PEPPER
Awarded by
President George Bush
May 25, 1989
As a champion of the most vulnerable among us, Claude Pepper has enhanced America's national character. Through his legislative efforts and personal example, he has helped the disadvantaged and elderly gain self-respect and dignity. During six decades of public service, Claude Pepper has built bridges that span the generations. For his efforts to make government responsive and responsible, and his lifetime of devotion to the United States Senate and House of Representatives, his countrymen salute a career dedicated to preserving the values that make America great.
JAVIER PEREZ DE CUELLAR
Awarded by
President George Bush
December 12, 1991
For 10 years of exceptionally distinguished service as Secretary- General of the United Nations, Javier Perez de Cuellar presided over the rebirth of that institution. With wisdom, vision, diplomacy, and skill, he forged a U.N. where cooperation in reaching common goals is replacing rhetoric and division.
His tireless dedication to conflict resolution, and economic and social concerns has contributed to a better world and ensured a strengthened U.N. more capable than ever of fulfilling its Charter.
His service has been marked by a singular devotion to humanitarian interests, including the life, security, and safety of individual people throughout the world.
The United States honors a servant of humankind who has advanced the cause of freedom and hope.
NATHAN PERLMUTTER
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
June 23, 1987
In the "Diary of a Cancer Patient," Nathan Perlmutter wrote: "Funny what I feel I've accomplished, I married the prettiest girl. I made it to marine infantry officer, wrote a few books, and became director of the Anti-Defamation League." That casual, self-deprecating voice is the voice of a hero. For Mr. Perlmutter has made it his life's work to champion human dignity. He is a hero indeed, a hero of the human spirit.
ESTHER PETERSON
Awarded by
President Jimmy Carter
January 16, 1981
Once government's highest ranking woman, Esther Peterson still ranks highest among consumer advocates. She has advised Presidents and the public, and has worked for labor and business alike, always keeping the rights of all Americans to know and to be treated fairly as her highest priority. Even her staunchest foes respect her integrity and are warmed by her grace and sincere concern.
ROGER TORY PETERSON
Awarded by
President Jimmy Carter
June 9, 1980
Roger Tory Peterson has achieved distinction as a consummate painter, writer, teacher and scientist. As an unabashed lover of birds and a disti | | |
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