| |
| |
Presidential Medal of Freedom PRESIDENT RONALD REAGAN
Alphabetical List of Recipients
Presentation Speech Excerpts
Citations (in chronological order)
Speech Excerpt Sources
Citation Text Sources
Alphabetical List of Recipients
Annenberg, Walter Hubert
Armstrong, Anne Legendre
Baker, Howard H., Jr.
Balanchine, George
Baldrige, Malcom
Basie, William
Bellson, Pearl Bailey
Blaik, Earl Henry
Blake, James H.
Brown, Irving
Bryant, Paul W.
Burger, Warren E.
Burnham, James
Cagney, James
Carrington, Lord Peter
Chambers, Whittaker
Cheek, James
Cherne, Leo
Cooke, Terence Cardinal
Cooley, Denton
Cousteau, Jacques-Yves
Dart, Justin
Ford, Ernest Jennings
Friedman, Milton
Fuller, R. Buckminster
Garcia, Hector
Goldwater, Barry Morris
Goodpaster, Andrew
Graham, Billy
Grasso, Ella T.
Habib, Philip C.
Harlow, Bryce N.
Hoffer, Eric
Holland, Jerome Hartwell
Hook, Sidney
Horowitz, Vladimir
Jackson, Henry Martin
Javits, Jacob K.
Judd, Walter H.
Kaufman, Irving Robert
Kaye, Danny
Kirkpatrick, Jeane
Kirstein, Lincoln
LAmour, Louis
Leibman, Morris I.
Lemnitzer, Lyman L.
Low, George M.
Luce, Clare Booth
Luns, Joseph M.A.H.
MacArthur, Helen Hayes
MacArthur, Jean Faircloth
Malone, Dumas
Mansfield, Michael
Marriott, J. Willard
McCone, John A.
Mercer, Mabel
Nitze, Paul H.
Packard, David
Patterson, Frederick D.
Peale, Norman Vincent
Perlmutter, Nathan
Ramo, Simon
Reynolds, Frank
Ridgway, Matthew B.
Ripley, S. Dillon
Robinson, Jackie
Romulo, Carlos P.
Rostropovich, Mstislav
Royster, Vermont C.
Sabin, Albert Bruce
Sadat, Anwar el-
Shriver, Eunice Kennedy
Shultz, George P.
Sinatra, Frank
Smith, Kate
Stevens, Roger L.
Stewart, James M.
Teresa, Mother
Thornton, Charles B.
Walsh, William B.
Wedemeyer, Albert C.
Weinberger, Caspar W.*
Willson, Meredith
Wohlstetter, Albert
Wohlstetter, Roberta
Yeager, Chuck
* Indicates an award of the Presidential Medal of Freedom with Distinction
PRESENTATION SPEECH EXCERPTS
Ronald Reagan served as President of the United States for eight yearsthe longest tenure of any President since the Presidential Medal of Freedom was established in 1963. As such, it is not surprising that President Reagan has selected more persons to receive the award, eightysix, than has any other President.
President Reagan truly enjoyed presenting the Presidential Medal of Freedom. He believed that presenting the award was "one of the greatest privileges and most distinct pleasures of [his] job,"1 as President. At one award ceremony he said "It's a wonderful day for you and your families and for Nancy and myself, and I was just thinking, sometimes it's fun to be President." 2 At another presentation ceremony he said "I really have a great job. And one of the reasons this is such a great job is that I get to preside at wonderful occasions like this one."3 President Reagan so enjoyed being with Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients that he held a special White House luncheon just for them.
More than any other President, Ronald Reagan has left us with a wonderful collection of speeches on the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Though this is attributable in part to his long tenure in office, it is also attributable to his tremendous love for the award and his incredible speaking abilities. (He was hailed as "The Great Communicator.") President Reagan once stated that "the Medal of Freedom represents the reverence the American people have for liberty, and it honors the men and women who through their lives do greatest honor to that freedom."4 The following quotations from his speeches at presentation ceremonies reveal the reverence that Ronald Reagan had for the Presidential Medal of Freedomhis eloquence does great honor to its recipients.
While presiding at his first presentation ceremony, President Reagan said: The President's medal of freedom is the highest civilian honor that's given in the United States. What the Olympic Gold Medal is to athletes, what the Congressional Medal of Honor is to the military, the Presidential Medal of Freedom is to the private United States citizen. The names of those who have received this honor are stars in the American sky . . . . The list goes on through the most illustrious and prominent of our citizens.
And today we're adding the names of [six outstanding Americans to that list].
Now, let me tell you how these six recipients have strengthened our freedom by reading to you something that the historian Edward Gibbon wrote about ancient Athens, the first democracy and the fountainhead of Western culture. He wrote that when the Athenians finally wanted not to give to society but for society to give to them, when the freedom they wished for was freedom from responsibility, then Athens ceased to be free.
The recipients today have given greatly to our society in music, public service, and humanitarian activities. They've met their responsibilities to freedom. By giving of themselves and their energies, they've kept this society diverse, and in diversity there is liberty.
Perhaps this award is called the Medal of Freedom also because our Nation allowed these great Americans to pursue their interests unhindered. And when individuals are free to follow their hearts and talents, the common good benefits. America has given these honorees freedom, and they've discharged that responsibility with brilliant distinction.5 On another occasion, President Reagan observed that: This medal is given to those who have risen to pinnacles of achievement in their fields. It's a recognition of their accomplishments, hard work, and dedication for America and for humanity. The recipients of this award have touched all our lives with their contributions, strengthening the fabric of our society and improving the quality of our life.
The men and women that we honor today come from across our landsome, children of immigrants; some, immigrants themselves; many from humble beginnings. But they all share a quality that Carl Sandburg once summed up so well when he wrote, "Man is born with rainbows in his heart."
These men and women never lost sight of them, living out their dreams in their adult lives. We call their award "The Medal of Freedom," because only in a free society such as ours do we have the opportunity to climb as high and go as far as our dreams, talent, and energy will take us.
. . . .
With their talent and with the freedom of our way, the life that was given them to use it, by working and living among us, they've broadened and enriched freedom for us all. We're proud and grateful they're Americans.6
At a White House presentation ceremony on March 26, 1984, President Reagan told the recipients that: The Medal of Freedom is designed not to honor individuals for single acts of bravery, but instead, to acknowledge lifetime accomplishments that have changed the face and the soul of our country. The people we honor today are people who refused to take the easy way out, and the rest of us are better off for it. They're people who knew the risks and the overwhelming effort that could be required, but were undeterred from their goals. They are people who set standards for themselves and refused to compromise. And they're people who were not afraid to travel in unexplored territory.
By honoring them today, we, as a free people, are thanking them. Choices they made have enriched the lives of free men and women everywhere, and we're grateful.7 President Reagan awarded thirtyeight Presidential Medals of Freedom during his first term in office. In remarks made while presenting awards early in his second term, he said: Well, a couple of month ago an invitation for lunch at the White House was sent to some of the individuals gathered in this room today, an invitation that also notified them they were recipients of this country's highest civilian honor. But, . . . you see, the invitation really did not come from [Nancy and me] at all. It comes from an entire nation, from all of America.
For your achievements in diplomacy, entertainment, government, politics, learning, culture, and science, the American people honor you today. Each of you has achieved that hardest of all things to achieve in his lifesomething that will last and endure and take on life of its own.
My guess is that probably as long as this nation lasts, your descendants will speak with pride of the day you attended a White House ceremony and received this, the Medal of FreedomAmerica's highest civilian honor. And 50 years from now, a century from now, historians will know your names and your achievements. You've left humanity a legacy, and on behalf of the American people, Nancy and I want to congratulate you.
You know, one of our medal winners [Jimmy Stewart,] once made a film with Frank Capra about a man who took his own life for granted and was saddened by how little impact he seemed to have had on the world. But then a benevolent angel gave him the opportunity to see how different his hometown would have been had he not lived. And the man was astonished to discover how much good he had done without knowing ithow many people he had touched and how many lives he had made richer and happier.
Well, more than you'll ever know, this world would have been much poorer and a dimmer place without each of you. In a million countless ways you've inspired and uplifted your fellow men and women, and we want you never to forget that. And we are grateful to you for it, also.
It's a wonderful day for you and your families and for Nancy and myself, and I was just thinking, sometimes it's fun to be President. [Laughter]
But I'm about to present the medals, but I want each of you to know that it comes with the heartfelt thanks, the admiration and pride of the some 238 million Americans who couldn't be here for lunch, but are, believe me, here in spirit.8 Though he believed that the recipients' descendants would faithfully preserve the medals earned by their ancestors, on presenting the Presidential Medal of Freedom to The Reverend Mother Teresa, he observed: this is the first time I've given the Medal of Freedom with the intuition that the recipient might take it home, melt it down and turn it into something that can be sold to help the poor.9
During a 1986 presentation ceremony, President Reagan told the recipients: We're here today to present the Medal of Freedom to seven Americans. This medal is the highest civilian honor our nation can bestow. And I've always thought it highly significant that we call it not the Medal of Talent or the Medal of Valor or the Medal of Courage or Genius but the Medal of Freedom. I think that says a lot about our values and what we honor and what we love.
Freedom is important to all of us. As someone who spent many years making speeches, I have quoted many definitions of freedomsome very moving and eloquent. But I've always liked George Orwell's blunt and unadorned statement. He said, "Freedom is the right to say no." There's something kind of happily rebellious about that definition, and I thought of it this morning because I decided this year's recipients of the Medal of Freedom are distinguished by this. You're a group of happy rebels. In your careers and in the way you have lived your lives, you've all said noa most emphatic noto mediocrity, to averageness, to timidity. You've said no to the rules of the game and the regulations of the day. You've said no to the conventional wisdom, no to the merely adequate, no to the limits and limitations on yourselves and others.
But it's probably true that there is little point to freedom unless it's accompanied by a big yes! And each of you has uttered a resounding Whitmanesque yes to many thingsto excellence and risk and reach, to courage and the untried and the supposedly impossible. You've rebelled against the artificial and embraced the authentic. You've achieved a great deal. And your creativity itself has been life-affirming, for creation is a profoundly faithful act, an act that says, "I trust in the future, and I trust in life itself."
You're all originals. You've all made America bettera better placeand you've made it seem a better place in the eyes of the people of the world. And this today is just our way of saying thanks.10 In addressing the last large group of individuals to whom he presented the award, Ronald Reagan stated: We're all here today to present the Medal of Freedom to eight remarkable Americans. It's the highest civilian honor this nation can bestow, and those who are so honored have spent much of their lives advancing the cause of freedom around the world.
Like those who have come before, today's recipients are artists and statesmen, philosophers and academics, and people of action and profound introspection. Your lives and careers testify to a central truth of humanity: It is better to give than to receive. You've all givengiven of your talent and your energy and your resourcesbecause you know that the only way to fight injustice and promote freedom is to speak a resounding "no" to the forces of international complacency and a resounding "yes" to those whose souls thirst after the cool waters of liberty.
What your example[s] . . . teach all of us is that fighting for what you believe in is not only good; it's fun. It's a pleasant experience to know you've done some good, maybe the most enjoyable experience we all have. You are all possessed of the good cheer and clear consciences of those who know they've done all they can for a cause they believe in.
The reward for good deeds does not only come in the hereafter, it comes every day in the knowledge that the world is maybe a little better because of the things you've done in your life. Well, we can't hope to top a feeling like that, but we do aim to add a little pleasure with the awards we give out today.11 On January 13, 1993, President Reagan was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom with Distinction by President George Bush. President Bush observed that Ronald Reagan was "a man whose life embodie[d] freedom, who nurtured freedom as few Presidents ever have."12 At that time. only three Presidents had received the award and Ronald Reagan was the first President to receive it during his own lifetime. Upon receiving the award, President Reagan remarked: Thank you. Mr. President and Barbara [Bush], thank you so much for your kindness in recognizing me this way. From time to time I have been called the Great Communicator, but I'll tell you it's no easy thing to communicate what I feel right now.
Receiving the Presidential Medal of Freedom is a great honor at any time, but it's especially meaningful for me to receive it from a friend and in the presence of people who have meant so much to Nancy and me over the years.13
CITATIONS
(in chronological order)
CHARLES B. "TEX" THORNTON
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
October 9, 1981
Industrialist, warrior and humanitarian, Tex Thornton's life has embodied all that is best in the worlds of commerce, military service and civic duty. In all three realms, Tex Thornton has never failed to give generously of his boundless energy, his unfailing courage, and his deep love of country. In war and peace, in public service and in the private sector, Tex Thornton has earned the esteem of all Americans who value patriotism, enterprise and compassion as cornerstones of our nation's greatness.
MORRIS I. LEIBMAN
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
October 9, 1981
Attorney, teacher, scholar and philanthropist, Morris Leibman is living proof that a full career in the private sector can flourish hand in hand with civic and humanitarian duties. As a generous patron of the arts and charities, as a legal scholar as well as practitioner, as a founding member of the Georgetown University Center for Strategic and International Studies and as chairman of the American Bar Association's Standing Committee on Law and National Security, Morris Leibman has served selflessly to make America a just, healthy society within and a strong, secure nation without.
WALTER H. JUDD
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
October 9, 1981
Legislator, physician, missionary and orator, Walter Judd has served his nation and mankind with unfailing courage and distinctionas a youthful medical missionary in China, as a highly respected Member of Congress for two decades, and as a lifelong foe of tyranny and friend of freedom both at home and abroad. The skills of a healer, the eloquence of a great communicator, and his firm grasp of domestic and international affairs have made Walter Judd an articulate spokesman for all those who cherish liberty and a model for all Americans who aspire to serve mankind as physicians, spiritual leaders and statesmen.
BRYCE N. HARLOW
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
October 9, 1981
Counsellor to Presidents and sage observer of nearly half a century of Washington history, Bryce Harlow's vision, integrity and persuasiveness have helped to shape his nation's destiny as leader of the Free World. Never a candidate for elected office himself, his experience and advice have helped bring out the best in countless public servants of both parties, in the White House, in the Congress and across the nation. Bryce Harlow is a sterling example of the positive side of politicsa life spent reconciling divergent interests, serving high moral principles, and channeling the forces of public policy toward the public good.
ELLA T. GRASSO
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
October 9, 1981
Long before the women's movement had gained prominence, Ella Grasso had already begun the long, hard ascent to distinction as an elected public servant. A fond wife and mother, she proved that it is possible to reconcile a full family life with a long and eventful political career. As a champion of moral as well as political principle, Mrs. Grasso won the respect of fellow citizens of both parties and served as the first woman governor to be elected to office in her own right. Tireless in the pursuit of duty and courageous in the face of illness, Ella Grasso has earned the admiration of all Americans as a legislator, a governor and a woman of outstanding character and achievement.
JAMES H. "EUBIE" BLAKE
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
October 9, 1981
Last of the great ragtime composers and pianists, the son of slaves, and a pioneer crusader for Black Americans in the world of arts and entertainment, Eubie Blake is a national treasure. As pianist, showman and, above all, as composer, he has added immeasurably to America's musical heritage and helped to clear the way for succeeding generations of talented artists who, but for his example, might have been denied access to the artistic mainstream.
PHILIP C. HABIB
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
September 7, 1982
As the President's Special Emissary, Ambassador Philip C. Habib came out of retirement in 1981 to serve his country in the pursuit of peace and justice in the Middle East. His successful negotiation of the cease-fire in Lebanon and the resolution of the West Beirut crisis stands out as one of the unique feats of diplomacy in modern times. Ambassador Habib's efforts conducted in the most difficult and trying of circumstances over a period of months, not only brought honor and respect to the United States but also won for him world-wide admiration. Of the greatest importance, Philip Habib's mission saved the City of Beirut and thousands of innocent lives and brought us one step closer to a peaceful resolution to the ArabIsraeli conflict.
KATE SMITH
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
October 26, 1982
The voice of Kate Smith is known and loved by millions of Americans, young and old. In war and peace, it has been an inspiration. Those simple but deeply moving words, "God bless America," have taken on added meaning for all of us because of the way Kate Smith sang them. Thanks to her they have become a cherished part of all our lives, an undying reminder of the beauty, the courage and the heart of this great land of ours. In giving us a magnificent, selfless talent like Kate Smith, God has truly blessed America.
GEORGE BALANCHINE
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
February 23, 1983
The genius of George Balanchine has enriched the lives of all Americans who love the dance. Since he arrived in America as a young man in 1933, he has entertained and inspired millions with his stage and film choreography. Major among his greatest contributions as a ballet master are the founding of the first American classical ballet company, the great New York City Ballet, and the School of American Ballet. Throughout his career Mr. Balanchine has entertained, captivated and amazed our diverse population, lifting our spirits and broadening our horizons through his talent and art.
PAUL W. BRYANT
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
February 23, 1983
In many ways, American sports embody the best in our national characterdedication, teamwork, honor and friendship. Paul "Bear" Bryant embodied football. The winner of more games than any other coach in history, Bear Bryant was a true American hero. A hard but beloved taskmaster he pushed ordinary people to perform extraordinary feats. Patriotic to the core, devoted to his players and inspired by a winning spirit that never quit, Bear Bryant gave his country the gift of a legend. In making the impossible seem easy, he lived what we all strive to be.
JAMES BURNHAM
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
February 23, 1983
As a scholar, writer, historian and philosopher, James Burnham has profoundly affected the way America views itself and the world. Since the 1930's, Mr. Burnham has shaped the thinking of world leaders. His observations have changed society and his writings have become guiding lights in mankind's quest for truth. Freedom, reason and decency have had few greater champions in this century than James Burnham.
DR. JAMES CHEEK
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
February 23, 1983
As the president of one of our country's greatest institutions of higher learning, and as an outstanding black American scholar, James Cheek embodies the spirit of excellence in education. Dr. Cheek's distinguished career and community work are impressive testimony to his commitment to his calling and his country. His efforts have helped to build a better life for black Americans and a better country for us all.
R. BUCKMINSTER FULLER
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
February 23, 1983
A true Renaissance Man, and one of the greatest minds of our times, Richard Buckminster Fuller's contributions as a geometrician, educator, and architectdesigner are benchmarks of accomplishment in their fields. Among his most notable inventions and discoveries are synergetic geometry, geodesic structures and tensegrity structures. Mr. Fuller reminds us all that America is a land of pioneers, haven for innovative thinking and the free expression of ideas.
REV. BILLY GRAHAM
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
February 23, 1983
Reverend William "Billy" Graham's untiring evangelism has spread the word of God to every corner of the globe, and made him one of the most inspirational spiritual leaders of the Twentieth Century. As a deeply committed Christian, his challenge to accept Jesus Christ has lifted the hearts, assuaged the sorrows and renewed the hopes of millions. Billy Graham is an American who lives first and always for his fellow citizens. In honoring him, we give thanks for God's greatest spiritual giftsfaith, hope, and love.
ERIC HOFFER
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
February 23, 1983
The son of immigrant parents, Eric Hoffer is an example of both the opportunity and the vitality of the American way of life. After overcoming his loss of sight as a child, Eric Hoffer educated himself in our public libraries. As an adult he has relished hard work and believed in its dignity, spending 23 years in jobs ranging from lumberjack to dockworker. As America's longshoreman philosopher, his books on philosophy have become classics. Mr. Hoffer's spirit, self-reliance and great accomplishments remind us all that the United States remains a land where each of us is free to achieve the best that lies within us.
CLARE BOOTH LUCE
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
February 23, 1983
A novelist, playwright, politician, diplomat, and advisor to Presidents, Clare Booth Luce has served and enriched her country in many fields. Her brilliance of mind, gracious warmth and great fortitude have propelled her to exceptional heights of accomplishment. As a Congresswoman, Ambassador, and Member of the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board, Clare Booth Luce has been a persistent and effective advocate of freedom, both at home and abroad. She has earned the respect of people from all over the world, and the love of her fellow Americans.
DR. DUMAS MALONE
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
February 23, 1983
As one of the foremost historians, authors, and scholars of this century, Dumas Malone has recounted the birth of our Nation and the ideals of our Founding Fathers. Among Dr. Malone's most notable accomplishments is his biography of Thomas Jefferson, now regarded as the most authoritative work of its kind. Dr. Malone's contributions to our national lore will remain invaluable to succeeding generations as each takes up responsibility for the heritage of freedom so eloquently described in his articles and books.
MABEL MERCER
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
February 23, 1983
Mabel Mercer has been called a living testament to the artfulness of American song, and a legend if there ever was one. Her talent, her elegance and her unique way with a lyric have gathered a devoted following all over the world. Her special style has influenced some of America's most famous performers, earning her the reputation of a singer's singer. Miss Mercer's career has spanned more than 60 years and she continues to delight audiences and critics alike. With her incomparable talent she has helped shape and enrich American music.
SIMON RAMO
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
February 23, 1983
As an engineer, businessman, physicist and defense and aero-space pioneer, Simon Ramo's career has been on the forefront of American technology, development and growth. The son of a storekeeper in Salt Lake City, Dr. Ramo built his business from a one-room office to a nationwide network of production plants. A shining symbol of American ingenuity and innovativeness, Dr. Ramo was also a distinguished author, philanthropist and civic leader. His life's work has strengthened America's freedom and protected our peace.
JACOB K. JAVITS
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
February 23, 1983
In an outstanding public career of nearly 34 years Jacob Javits has distinguished himself as a New York State Attorney General, United States Representative and United States Senator. He has ably represented the people of New York in the Congress and all Americans to the world. With leadership and wisdom he has guided America through historic turning points, striving always for justice at home and peace in the world.
CARLOS P. ROMULO
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
January 12, 1984
As parliamentarian, soldier, educator, U.N. Charter signatory, diplomat, and foreign minister, Carlos P. Romulo's statesmanship and promotion of international accord add up to a remarkable record of achievement. His more than fifty years of public service embody the warm relationship between the United States and the Philippines from the colonial period through the Commonwealth, wartime, and independence to the present. In tribute to his long and close association with the United States, this medal is gratefully conferred.
SEN. HOWARD H. BAKER, JR.
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
March 26, 1984
As a Member of the United States Senate, one of the country's most powerful and influential citizens, and an individual whose character shines brightly as an example to others, Howard Baker has been a force for responsibility and civility on a generation of Americans. In his almost 20 years of service, he has earned the respect and admiration of his fellow citizens regardless of their political persuasion. As Majority Leader of the Senate, his quiet, cooperative style and keen legislative skills have honored America's finest traditions of enlightened political leadership and statesmanship.
JAMES CAGNEY
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
March 26, 1984
As a giant in the world of entertainment, James Cagney has left his mark not only on the film industry but on the hearts of all his fellow Americans. In some 60 years in entertainment, performing on stage and screen, he mastered drama and action adventure, as well as music and dance. One of his most remembered performances, as George M. Cohan in "Yankee Doodle Dandy," was a whirlwind singing and dancing film that inspired a Nation at war when it sorely needed a lift in spirit. James Cagney's professional and personal life has brought great credit to him and left unforgettable memories with millions who have followed his career.
WHITTAKER CHAMBERS
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
March 26, 1984
At a critical moment in our Nation's history, Whittaker Chambers stood alone against the brooding terrors of our age. Consummate intellectual, writer of moving majestic prose, and witness to the truth, he became the focus of a momentous controversy in American history that symbolized our century's epic struggle between freedom and totalitarianism, a controversy in which the solitary figure of Whittaker Chambers personified the mystery of human redemption in the face of evil and suffering. As long as humanity speaks of virtue and dreams of freedom, the life and writings of Whittaker Chambers will ennoble and inspire. The words of Arthur Koestler are his epitaph: "The witness is gone; the testimony will stand."
LEO CHERNE
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
March 26, 1984
Although he has never held elected office, Leo Cherne has had more influence on governmental policy than many Members of Congress. Since the late 1930's, Leo Cherne has stepped forward and with brilliance, energy, and moral passion helped this Nation overcome countless challenges. His lifetime devotion to aiding his country and to serving the cause of human freedom, especially through his work on behalf of refugees, reflects the strong and generous character of a man who deserves the respect and gratitude of all Americans.
DR. DENTON COOLEY
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
March 26, 1984
In an outstanding professional career, Dr. Denton Cooley has distinguished himself time and again in the field of medicine. As one of this country's leading heart surgeons, he has charted new territory in his search for ways to prolong and enrich human life. His efforts have saved the lives not only of his own patients, but of those of many other doctors who have studied and developed techniques mastered by him. As a heart surgeon and as a creative, independent thinker, Dr. Denton Cooley is a force for innovation in American medicine.
ERNEST JENNINGS "TENNESSEE ERNIE" FORD
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
March 26, 1984
Through his musical talents, warm personality, and quick "down home" wit Tennessee Ernie Ford won the hearts of the American people. Ford's music, which revealed his character and soul to all who listened, inspired as well as entertained his audiences. His respect for traditional values, his strong faith in God, and his unlimited capacity for human kindness have greatly endeared him to his fellow countrymen.
DR. HECTOR GARCIA
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
March 26, 1984
Dr. Hector Garcia's patriotism and community concern exemplify the meaning of good citizenship. His many community-building endeavors included his work as a founder and first National Chairman of the American G.I. Forum, a veterans' organization which has done much to improve the lot of Americans of Mexican descent. Over the years, he has faithfully represented our government on numerous occasions, overseas and domestically. Dr. Hector Garcia is a credit to his family and community, and to all Americans.
GEN. ANDREW GOODPASTER
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
March 26, 1984
During his long service to his country, General Andrew Goodpaster shouldered heavy responsibility and worked tirelessly with the highest professional standards. His organizational and diplomatic skills helped shape the NATO Alliance and develop American military and foreign policy over three decades. As Supreme Allied Commander of the NATO Alliance, Presidential representative, and soldier, General Goodpaster has earned a well-deserved reputation as a thoughtful and diligent public servant. His work has contributed immensely to the security and freedom of his country and to the cause of peace.
LINCOLN KIRSTEIN
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
March 26, 1984
Lincoln Kirstein is an author and entrepreneur who has honored and delighted Americans through his enormous contribution to ballet in our country. Through his commitment, two major institutions of American dance, the New York City Ballet and the School of American Ballet, were created and flourished. Developing and fostering appreciation for the arts have always depended on the energy, creativity, and commitment of individual citizens. Lincoln Kirstein stands tall as one of a select and treasured few in the world of American art.
LOUIS LAMOUR
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
March 26, 1984
Through his western novels, Louis LAmour has played a leading role in shaping our national identity. His writings portrayed the rugged individual and the deep-seated values of those who conquered the American frontier. Starting out from humble beginnings, he has lived a fulfilling and adventurous life. An eminently successful writer, more than 100 million copies of his novels are in print. LAmour's descriptions of America and Americans have added to our understanding of our past and reaffirmed our potential as an exploring, pioneering, and free people.
DR. NORMAN VINCENT PEALE
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
March 26, 1984
With a deep understanding of human behavior and an appreciation for God's role in our lives, Dr. Norman Vincent Peale helped originate a philosophy of happiness. Through the American Foundation of Religion and Psychiatry and his many books, Dr. Peale became an advocate of the joy of life, helping millions find new meaning in their lives. Few Americans have contributed so much to the personal happiness of their fellow citizens as Dr. Norman Vincent Peale.
JACKIE ROBINSON
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
March 26, 1984
As an individual of courage and conviction, and as a skilled and dedicated athlete, Jackie Robinson stood tall among his peers. His courage opened the door of professional sports to all Americans when, in 1947, he became the first black baseball player in the major leagues. He bravely demonstrated to all that skill and sportsmanship, not race or ethnic background, are the qualities by which athletes should be judged. In doing so, he struck a mighty blow for equality, freedom, and the American way of life. Jackie Robinson was a good citizen, a great man, and a true American champion.
PRESIDENT ANWAR EL-SADAT
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
March 26, 1984
President Anwar el-Sadat as a soldier, led his country in war, but his greatest acts of courage came in pursuit of peace. He captured the imagination of people everywhere by taking the first great step toward achieving a lasting peace between Egypt and Israel. His humanity and sense of responsibility, even now that he is gone, remain a giant force for peace and stability in the world. Anwar el-Sadat was a peacemaker of monumental wisdom and tenderness who will remain forever a hero in the hearts of the American people.
EUNICE KENNEDY SHRIVER
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
March 26, 1984
With enormous conviction and unrelenting effort, Eunice Kennedy Shriver has labored on behalf of America's least powerful people, the mentally retarded. Over the last two decades, she has been on the forefront of numerous initiatives on behalf of the mentally retarded, from creating day camps, to establishing research centers, to the founding of the Special Olympics. Her decency and goodness have touched the lives of many, and Eunice Kennedy Shriver deserves America's praise, gratitude, and love.
TERENCE CARDINAL COOKE
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
April 5, 1984
A saintly man and a great spiritual leader, Terence Cardinal Cooke inspired his countrymen with his dedication to his Church, devotion to his flock, and service to his country. As the Military Vicar to our Nation's Armed Forces, Cardinal Cooke worked tirelessly on behalf of those who serve their country in uniform. As a patriot and national leader, he preached the love of country and championed the cause of human freedom. He will live in the memory of his countrymen as a man of compassion, courage, and personal holiness.
JOSEPH M.A.H. LUNS
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
May 30, 1984
On his retirement, after almost thirteen years at NATO's helm, I take immense pleasure in awarding Secretary General Joseph Luns the Presidential Medal of FreedomAmerica's highest civilian awardfor his staunch defense of the transatlantic partnership; for his manifold initiatives to strengthen the Atlantic Alliance; for his vision of and tireless efforts toward building a more secure Atlantic Community; and for a career of uncommon dedication and singular contributions to peace and the Atlantic Alliance.
SEN. HENRY MARTIN JACKSON
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
June 26, 1984
Representative and Senator for more than four decades, Henry Martin Jackson was one of the greatest lawmakers of our century. He helped to build the community of democracies and worked tirelessly to keep it vigorous and secure. He pioneered in the preservation of the Nation's natural heritage, and he embodied integrity and decency in the profession of politics. For those who make freedom their cause Henry Jackson will always inspire honor, courage, and hope.
WILLIAM "COUNT" BASIE
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
May 23, 1985
For more than half a century, William "Count" Basie enraptured the people of America with his brilliant and innovative work in the field of jazz. In the 1930's and 40's, the Count became part of the fabric of American life as the leader of one of the greatest bands of the Big Band Era. His songs, from "April in Paris" to "One O'Clock Jump," are American classics. Count Basie cut a notch in musical history and found a place in our hearts forever. Among the royalty of American arts and entertainment, there is no one more honored and more beloved than the Count.
CAPT. JACQUES-YVES COUSTEAU
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
May 23, 1985
For decades, Captain Jacques-Yves Cousteau has been a celebrated undersea explorer. His journeys aboard the Calypso have become known to millions through his books and films. His manned, undersea colonies yielded wealths of research and data and made important technical advances. His auqualung has made underwater diving available to all. Captain Cousteau perhaps has done more than any other individual to reveal the mysteries of the oceans that cover more than two-thirds of the surface of our planet. It is, therefore, likely that he will be remembered not only as a pioneer in his time but as a dominant figure in world history.
DR. JEROME HARTWELL HOLLAND
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
May 23, 1985
Dr. Jerome Hartwell Holland, one of thirteen children in a small-town family in New York State, rose from poverty to become a leading educator, civil rights activist, author and diplomat. Dr. Holland dedicated his career to improving the lives of others, particularly his fellow black Americans, and to working for peace. A man of vigor and wisdom, Dr. Holland led a life of service, the memory of which today serves as an inspiration to millions.
SIDNEY HOOK
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
May 23, 1985
Scholar, philosopher, and thinkerSidney Hook stands out as one of the most eminent intellectual forces of our time. His commitment to rational thought and civil discourse has made him an eloquent spokesman for fair play in public life. His devotion to freedom made him one of the first to warn the intellectual world of its moral obligations and personal stake in the struggle between freedom and totalitarianism. A man of truth, a man of action, Sidney Hook's life and work make him one of America's greatest scholars, patriots, and lovers of liberty.
JEANE KIRKPATRICK
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
May 23, 1985
For four years as the Representative of the United States to the United Nations, Ambassador Jeane Kirkpatrick held high the flag of our country with courage and wisdom. She is an endlessly articulate spokeswoman for the moral and practical benefits of freedom and a tireless defender of the decency of the West. Jeane Kirkpatrick is a patriot, and there is no honor more appropriate for her than one entitled, "The Presidential Medal of Freedom." It's bestowed this day by a nation that knows Jeane Kirkpatrick's work has only just begun.
DR. GEORGE M. LOW
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
May 23, 1985
During his distinguished public service at NASA, Dr. George M. Low helped lead this nation's space program to its greatest achievements, directing the first manned landing on the moon and planning the shuttle program. As President of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, he continued to make his mark on the future, improving academic excellence and launching a program to spur technological innovation. Our Nation will be reaping the benefits of his wisdom and vision for years to come.
FRANK REYNOLDS
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
May 23, 1985
Reporter and anchorman, family man and a patriot, Frank Reynolds' life exemplified the highest standards of his profession. His commitment to the truth, his unfailing sense of fairness, his long experience as both witness and participant in the great events of our time earned him the respect of his colleagues and the trust and admiration of the American people. We honor his memory for his aggressive but fair-minded reporting and devotion to profession, to family, and to country.
S. DILLON RIPLEY
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
May 23, 1985
Upon becoming Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, S. Dillon Ripley ordered the statue of Joseph Henry turned so that it faced not inward toward the castle but outward toward the Mall, thereby signaling his intentions to open the Institution to the world. During the next 20 years, S. Dillon Ripley did just that, opening eight museums and doubling the number of visitors to the Institution. With dedication and tireless effort, S. Dillon Ripley made the Smithsonian one of the greatest museums and centers of learning on Earth.
THE REVEREND MOTHER TERESA
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
May 23, 1985
Most of us talk about kindness and compassion, but Mother Teresa, the saint of the gutters, lives it. As a teenager, she went to India to teach young girls. In time, Mother Teresa began to work among the poor and the dying of Calcutta. Her order of the Missionaries of Charity has spread throughout the world, serving the poorest of the poor.
Mother Teresa is a heroine of our times. And to the many honors she has received, including the Nobel Peace Prize, we add, with deep affection and endless respect, the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
FRANK SINATRA
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
May 23, 1985
For nearly 50 years, Americans have been putting their dreams away and letting one man take their place in our hearts. Singer, actor, humanitarian, patron of art and mentor of artists, Francis Albert Sinatra and his impact on America's popular culture are without peer. His love of country, his generosity toward those less fortunate, his distinctive art, and his winning and passionate persona make him one of our most remarkable and distinguished Americans, and one who truly did it "His Way."
JAMES M. STEWART
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
May 23, 1985
James Maitland Stewart arrived in Hollywood in 1935, and today, half a century later, his credits include more than 70 pictures, including such classics as "Mr. Smith Goes to Washington," "The Philadelphia Story," and "It's a Wonderful Life." A patriot, Mr. Stewart served with distinction as a pilot during World War II, rising to the rank of colonel in the Eighth Air Force. His typically American charactersboyish, honest and kindmirror the Jimmy Stewart in real lifean American boy who grew to a glorious manhood, but never lost his sense of wonder or his innocence.
LT. GEN. ALBERT C. WEDEMEYER
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
May 23, 1985
As one of America's most distinguished soldiers and patriots, Albert C. Wedemeyer has earned the gratitude of his country and the admiration of his countrymen. In the face of crisis and controversy, his integrity and his opposition to totalitarianism remained unshakeable. For his resolute defense of liberty and his abiding sense of personal honor, Albert C. Wedemeyer has earned the thanks and the deep affection of all who struggle for the cause of human freedom.
CHUCK YEAGER
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
May 23, 1985
A hero in war and peace, Charles Yeager has served his country with dedication and courage beyond ordinary measure. On October 14, 1947, in a rocket plane which he named "Glamorous Gl[e]nnis" after his wife, Chuck Yeager became the first human being to travel faster than the speed of sound, and in doing so, showed to the world the real meaning of "The Right Stuff."
PAUL H. NITZE
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
November 7, 1985
In a career spanning nine Presidencies, Paul Nitze has made enormous contributions to the freedom and security of his country. Paul Nitze exemplifies the powers of mind, commitment, and character needed to fulfill America's world responsibilities. He was present at the creation of the strategy that has kept us at peace for 40 years. His deep understanding of the issues of war and peace, his discharge of high public assignments, and his advice to those in authority have been invaluable to our national well-being. He remains the most rigorous, demanding, and independent of analysts and the wisest of counselors.
ROBERTA WOHLSTETTER
Joint Citation for Roberta and Albert Wohlstetter
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
November 7, 1985
Participants in the nuclear era's most momentous events, Roberta and Albert Wohlstetter have shaped the ideas and deeds of statesmen, and have helped create a safer world. Over four decades, they have marshaled logic, science, and history and enlarged our democracy's capacity to learn and to act. Through their work, we have seen that mankind's safety need not rest on threats to the innocent, and that nuclear weapons need not spread inexorably. Their powers of thought and exposition are, in themselves, among the Free World's best defenses.
ALBERT WOHLSTETTER
Joint Citation for Roberta and Albert Wohlstetter
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
November 7, 1985
Participants in the nuclear era's most momentous events, Roberta and Albert Wohlstetter have shaped the ideas and deeds of statesmen, and have helped create a safer world. Over four decades, they have marshaled logic, science, and history and enlarged our democracy's capacity to learn and to act. Through their work, we have seen that mankind's safety need not rest on threats to the innocent, and that nuclear weapons need not spread inexorably. Their powers of thought and exposition are, in themselves, among the Free World's best defenses.
WALTER HUBERT ANNENBERG
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
May 12, 1986
Following a brilliant career in publishing and pioneering the use of television for educational purposes, Walter Hubert Annenberg was in 1969 appointed Ambassador to the Court of St. James, where he served with extraordinary diligence, bringing the government and the people of the United States and United Kingdom closer together. Since returning to private life, Walter Annenberg has devoted himself to the development of higher education and has provided support to countless institutions. Today our nation repays his lifetime of achievement with its gratitude.
EARL HENRY BLAIK
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
May 12, 1986
A soldier of the gridiron, Colonel Earl "Red" Blaik led the West Point team he coached into the pages of the history books. He rallied the Black Knights from a record of devastating defeats and carried them on to some of their greatest victories, winning the esteem of his cadet players and the admiration of his vanquished rivals. One of America's great coaches, he brought a winning spirit to his team, honor to his branch of service, and pride to his nation.
BARRY MORRIS GOLDWATER
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
May 12, 1986
Soldier and statesman, Barry Morris Goldwater has stood at the center of American history. Respected by both ally and adversary, Barry Goldwater's celebrated candor and patriotism have made him an American legend. Hailed as a prophet before his time, selfless in the service of his nation, Barry Goldwater has earned the unbounded affection and admiration of his countrymen and the enduring gratitude of all future generations of Americans.
HELEN HAYES MACARTHUR
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
May 12, 1986
Many are admired, but few are beloved, and fewer still are both. But Helen Hayes is and has been for almost all the years of this century both. Peerless actress, peerless star, she has excelled on stage, screen, and television, playing everything from virtuous young ingenues to Victorian queens. Helen Hayes is that rare thinga true original. She is also, demonstrably, a great actress, a great patriot, and a great soul.
GEN. MATTHEW B. RIDGWAY
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
May 12, 1986
When a soldier rising, sword in hand, reaches to protect an ideafreedom, liberty, human kindnessthe world is, for a moment, hushed. Greatness is often born in quiet, in stillness. And so it was that night in June of 1944 when General Matthew B. Ridgway prayed the words God spoke to Joshua: "I will not fail thee, nor forsake thee." D-day saved a continent, and so, a world. And Ridgway helped save D-day. Heroes come when they're needed; great men step forward when courage seems in short supply. World War II was such a time. And there was Ridgway.
VERMONT CONNECTICUT ROYSTER
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
May 12, 1986
For over half a century, as a journalist, author, and teacher, Vermont Royster illuminated the political and economic life of our times. His common sense exploded the pretentions of "expert opinion," and his compelling eloquence warned of the evils of society loosed from its moorings in faith. The voice of the American people can be heard in his prosehonest, open, proud, and free.
ALBERT BRUCE SABIN
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
May 12, 1986
When, as a boy, Albert Bruce Sabin came to the United States from Russia, no one could have known that he would number among the most prominent immigrants of our century. From an early age Sabin devoted his life to medicine, and by the 1950's his research had resulted in a breakthrough. In the years since the Sabin vaccine has helped to make dramatic advances against the scourge of poliomyelitis.
VLADIMIR HOROWITZ
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
July 28, 1986
He has said that it remains the purpose of his life to bring meaning to music each time he plays. With masterful technique, consummate musicianship, and profound humanity, Vladimir Horowitz brings not only meaning to music, but joy and beauty and meaning to all our lives. This adopted son of America, the last of the great romantics as he is sometimes called, is more than a national treasure, he is a treasure to people the world over.
ANNE LEGENDRE ARMSTRONG
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
June 23, 1987
Since her earliest days in grassroots politics, Anne Armstrong has been an intrepid fighter for the cause of freedom and liberty, and against the intrusions of big government. Her great talents and capacity for work catapulted her onto the national political scene, where she has served her party and nation with distinction, holding high offices in both. Her great skill and unstinting effort in the service of her country have earned her the gratitude of our nation.
JUSTIN DART
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
June 23, 1987
A leading entrepreneur, Justin Dart has made vital contributions to America that will long be remembered. Considered a revolutionary by his trade, he was already head of the largest drug company in the world at the age of 35, and his sure hand would soon transform the business. Justin Dart became a leading force in politics and an adviser to the President, valued not only for his business acumen but his courageous championing of political and economic liberty. Justin Dart's life stands as eloquent testimony to the creative force of freedom.
DANNY KAYE
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
June 23, 1987
An entertainer, humanitarian, and an individual who lifted the spirit of his fellow countrymen, his enthusiasm for life infected all who saw him. He spread laughter and good will, touching the hearts of people throughout the world, especially young people. He was a true professional, a star of film, stage, television, and radio. His dedication to helping less fortunate children is also remembered. He was a good man, a pro who cared, an example of the best in America's soul. And he will always be remembered around the world by millions of children for his unselfish willingness to serve every time the U.N. called upon him to do so.
LYMAN L. LEMNITZER
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
June 23, 1987
A brave and dedicated military officer who served our nation in peace and war, General Lemnitzer's skill as a tactician, planner, and negotiator was instrumental in the Second World War. He fought in Korea, he served as U.S. commander in chief in Europe, and eventually became the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. His life has been one marked by high military skill and unselfish devotion to his country.
JOHN A. MCCONE
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
June 23, 1987
As Director of Central Intelligence between 1961 and 1965, John A. McCone guided our nation's intelligence community through some of its most difficult hours. He strengthened the Nation's critical capacity for effective intelligence operations, maintained the intelligence community's reputation for unbiased analysis, and played an active role in policy debates. Integrity, patriotismthese qualities have marked his long and distinguished service to our nation.
FREDERICK D. PATTERSON
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
June 23, 1987
For five decades, as president and president emeritus of Tuskegee Institute, Dr. Frederick D. Patterson has been one of America's outstanding educators. He is also the founder of the United Negro College Fund and the College Endowment Funding Plan, and through these, he has helped finance excellence throughout America's community of historically black colleges. By his inspiring example of personal excellence and unselfish dedication, he has taught the Nation that, in this land of freedom, no mind should be allowed to go to waste.
NATHAN PERLMUTTER
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
June 23, 1987
In the "Diary of a Cancer Patient," Nathan Perlmutter wrote: "Funny what I feel I've accomplished, I married the prettiest girl. I made it to marine infantry officer, wrote a few books, and became director of the Anti-Defamation League." That casual, self-deprecating voice is the voice of a hero. For Mr. Perlmutter has made it his life's work to champion human dignity. He is a hero indeed, a hero of the human spirit.
MSTISLAV ROSTROPOVICH
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
June 23, 1987
He once jokingly asked his mother why she had carried him longer than the usual 9 months. "Slava," she answered, "to give you such beautiful hands." Performing, teaching, and conducting, the beautiful hands of Mstislav Rostropovich have shared with millions his passion for music, especially the music of the homeland he has never ceased to love. He is a virtuoso not only of music but of heart and mind, as well.
WILLIAM B. WALSH, M.D.
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
June 23, 1987
Dr. William B. Walsh has spent a lifetime giving hope to others. For 14 years, in ports around the world, millions cheered the ship that Dr. Walsh's dreams launched, the S.S. Hope. Medical care and trainingthese were the Hope's cargo, together with a message of good will from all Americans. Today Project HOPE has stepped ashore, and Dr. Walsh is reaching people wherever there is need and, as always, is giving of himself so that others might find hope. He is a credit to his profession and to his country.
MEREDITH WILLSON
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
June 23, 1987
Our country knows Meredith Willson as the composer-lyricist whose musicals and songs captured the joy and innocence of America. Meredith Willson's career embraced the musical life of his nation. His greatest hits, "The Music Man" and "The Unsinkable Molly Brown," will forever stand as landmarks of the Broadway stage. As one critic said: "His music is as American as apple pie and a Fourth of July oration." He will always be remembered affectionately and with respect for his virtuosity as our music man.
IRVING ROBERT KAUFMAN
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
October 7, 1987
Irving Robert Kaufman became an assistant Federal prosecutor at the age of 25. More than five decades later, both his energy and his devotion to the rule of law remain utterly unflagging. Assistant Federal prosecutor, Special Assistant to the United States Attorney General, District Court judge, judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, member of countless panels and commissions, including the leadership of the President's Commission on Organized CrimeJudge Kaufman has brought to each his practical skills, his zeal for justice, and, again, that remarkable energy. He is a distinguished jurist and a great American.
CASPAR W. "CAP" WEINBERGER
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
November 17, 1987
Military officer, State legislator, State Cabinet member, Federal regulatory agency chairman, and three-time Federal Cabinet member, Caspar Cap W. Weinberger has, in the tradition of our Founding Fathers, dedicated his life to the service of his country. His proudest public accomplishment is the rebuilding of our country's national defenses so that the freedom we so cherish might endure. His legacy is a strong and free Americaand for this, and for a lifetime of selfless service, a grateful nation thanks him.
ROGER L. STEVENS
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
January 13, 1988
"A quarter of the time, I have big hits; a quarter of the time, artistic successes; a quarter of the time, the critics were crazy; and a quarter of the time, I'm crazy." It figures out pretty well that way.
That humble assessment is by Roger L. Stevens, Chairman of the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, real estate giant, chairman of the first National Council on the Arts, and producer or coproducer of more than 200 plays, including such American classics as "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof" and "West Side Story." Roger Stevens may be humble, but his achievements have enriched our nation's culture beyond measure.
LORD PETER ALEXANDER RUPERT CARRINGTON,
THE SIXTH BARON CARRINGTON
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
May 10, 1988
Foreign Secretary, Defense Minister, Parliamentary leader, and tank commander, Peter Alexander Rupert Carrington, the Sixth Baron Carrington, has proved himself the devoted servant of Her Majesty's government, a friend of the American people, and the faithful defender of human freedom.
As Secretary General of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, his tireless efforts have at a critical moment in history strengthened the cause of peace and freedom for all humanity. For his selfless service the American people honor him and extend to him their gratitude and warmest affection.
MALCOLM BALDRIGE
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
October 17, 1988
Cowboy, business executive, political activist, Cabinet SecretaryMac Baldrige was all of these and more. To every task and role, he brought the strength of his integrity and the power of his vision. In serving his country, he became an architect of our international economic policy. And yet, though he moved with Presidents, Prime Ministers, and Kings, he was always happiest with the kind of straight-talking cowboys who elected him to the Cowboy Hall of Fame. Malcolm Baldrige had uncommon accomplishments and character. He was a true embodiment of the American spirit.
PEARL BAILEY BELLSON
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
October 17, 1988
As a girl, Pearl Bailey began singing in her father's church in Virginia and kept singing all the way to Broadway and into America's heart. Among the preeminent American entertainers of this century, she has dazzled audiences all over the world. She has also served the Nation as a Special Adviser to the United States Mission to the United Nations. And America loves Pearl Bailey, for her songs and for her soul.
IRVING BROWN
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
October 17, 1988
As the European representative of the American Federation of Labor in the late 1940's, Irving Brown played a crucial role in breaking the hold of international communism over postwar Western Europe. By doing so, he can truly be called one of the architects of Western democracy. He has shunned publicity, believing the cause of freedom is far more important than the pleasure of fame. But his modesty cannot obscure the size of his accomplishments, and they have earned Irving Brown the gratitude of his country.
WARREN E. BURGER
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
October 17, 1988
As teacher, lawyer, Assistant Attorney General of the United States, and judge, Warren Burger proved his abiding love of the law. For 17 years, he served in the highest post on the highest court in the land as the 15th Chief Justice of the United States. Chief Justice Burger stepped down from the Supreme Court to lead our country in a bicentennial celebration of the Constitutionone more act of devotion and distinction by Warren Earl Burger to the Republic he loves and serves so well.
MILTON FRIEDMAN
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
October 17, 1988
Teacher, scholar, theoristMilton Friedman restored common sense to the world of economics. A winner of the Nobel Prize, Milton Friedman's technical mastery of his profession is unchallenged. But more central to his work is its moral component: an idea of human freedom in which man's economic rights are as vital as his civil and human rights. It is for his celebration of the human spirit as well as the brilliance of his mind that I bestow upon Milton Friedman the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
JEAN FAIRCLOTH MACARTHUR
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
October 17, 1988
Vibrant, charming, brave, and ever loyalas she always puts it"to my General," Jean MacArthur has witnessed the great cataclysms of our time, survived war and peace, conquered tragedy, and known triumph. Whether on a PT boat evading enemy ships in the South China Sea or being welcomed home by all Americans in 1951, Jean MacArthur was and is a shining examplea woman of substance and character; a loyal wife and mother; and like her General, a patriot selfless in the service of our country and the cause of freedom.
J. WILLARD MARRIOTT
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
October 17, 1988
The son of a humble Utah sheep rancher, J. Willard Marriott turned a small root beer stand in the Nation's Capital into one of America's largest and most successful businesses. Known for his vision, ingenuity, and hard work, J. Willard Marriott will also be remembered as a man of devotion to family, a leader in his church, a respected voice in the halls of government, and as a man who in his life and career brought honor to America.
DAVID PACKARD
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
October 17, 1988
Accomplished businessman and skillful manager, noted philanthropist and public servant of the highest integrityDavid Packard has had a legendary life and career. Dedicated to furthering the pursuit of scientific, technological, and human progress, devoted to his country and the cause of keeping her strong in a dangerous world, David Packard has served the American people effectively, generously, and proudly.
MICHAEL MANSFIELD
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
January 19, 1989
During World War I, Mike Mansfield, not yet 15, enlisted in the United States Navy, crossing the Atlantic seven times before he was discharged. His service to country would span seven decades and would help shape America's destiny as a Pacific power. Through 34 years in Congressincluding 16 as Senate majority leaderand with more than a decade as U.S. Ambassador to Japan, Mike Mansfield has set his indelible mark upon American foreign policy and distinguished himself as a dedicated public servant and loyal American.
GEORGE P. SHULTZ
Awarded by
President Ronald Reagan
January 19, 1989
Unyieldingly dedicated to the protection of the American national interest, the advancement of freedom and human rights, the battle against tyranny, and reductions in nuclear arms, George P. Shultz has presided over the Department of State during one of the most critical periods in the history of this nation's foreign policy. For years of public service and his vital part in inaugurating a new era of hope in foreign policy, his countrymen honor him.
SPEECH EXCERPT SOURCES
1 Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony for the Presidential Medal of Freedom, 1983 Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, Ronald Reagan, 285 (February 23, 1983). Back to Text
2 Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony for the Presidential Medal of Freedom, 1985 Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, Ronald Reagan, 656 (May 23, 1985). Back to Text
3 Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony for the Presidential Medal of Freedom, 198889 Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, Ronald Reagan, 1342 (October 17, 1988). Back to Text
4 Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony for the Presidential Medal of Freedom, 198889 Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, Ronald Reagan, 1752 (January 19, 1989). Back to Text
5 Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony for the Presidential Medal of Freedom, 1981 Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, Ronald Reagan, 907 (October 9, 1981). Back to Text
6 Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony for the Presidential Medal of Freedom, 1983 Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, Ronald Reagan, 28586 (February 23, 1983). Back to Text
7 Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony for the Presidential Medal of Freedom, 1984 Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, Ronald Reagan, 41415 (March 26, 1984). Back to Text
8 Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony for the Presidential Medal of Freedom, 1985 Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, Ronald Reagan, 656 (May 23, 1985). Back to Text
9 Remarks on Presenting the Presidential Medal of Freedom to Mother Teresa, 1985 Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, Ronald Reagan, 802 (June 20, 1985). Back to Text
10 Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony for the Presidential Medal of Freedom, 1986 Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, Ronald Reagan, 583 (May 12, 1986). Back to Text
11 Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony for the Presidential Medal of Freedom, 198889 Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, Ronald Reagan, 134243 (October 17, 1988). Back to Text
12 Remarks on Presenting the Presidential Medal of Freedom to President Ronald Reagan, 199293 Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, George Bush, 224344 (January 13, 1993). Back to Text
13 Remarks by the President in Presentation of the Presidential Medal of Freedom to Former President Ronald Reagan, Press Release, The White House Office of the Press Secretary (January 13, 1993). Back to Text
CITATION TEXT SOURCES
October 9, 1981 Thornton, Charles B.; Leibman, Morris I.; Judd, Walter H.; Harlow, Bryce N.; Grasso, Ella T.; Blake, James H.
Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony for the Presidential Medal of Freedom, 1981 Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, Ronald Reagan, 90611 (October 9, 1981).
September 7, 1982 Habib, Philip C.
Remarks on Presenting the Medal of Freedom to Ambassador Philip C. Habib, 1982 Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, Ronald Reagan, 110204 (September 7, 1982).
October 26, 1982 Smith, Kate
Remarks on Presenting the Presidential Medal of Freedom to Kate Smith in Raleigh, North Carolina, 1982 Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, Ronald Reagan, 138889 (October 26, 1982).
February 23, 1983 Balanchine, George; Bryant, Paul W.; Burnham, James; Cheek, James; Fuller, R. Buckminster; Graham, Billy; Hoffer, Eric; Luce, Clare Booth; Malone, Dumas; Mercer, Mabel; Ramo, Simon; Javits, Jacob K.
Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony for the Presidential Medal of Freedom, 1983 Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, Ronald Reagan, 28588 (February 23, 1983).
January 12, 1984 Romulo, Carlos P.
Announcement of the Conferral of the Presidential Medal of Freedom on Carlos P. Romulo, Foreign Minister of the Philippines, 1984 Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, Ronald Reagan, 31 (January 12, 1984).
March 26, 1984 Baker, Howard H., Jr.; Cagney, James; Chambers, Whittaker; Cherne, Leo; Cooley, Denton; Ford, Ernest Jennings; Garcia, Hector; Goodpaster, Andrew; Kirstein, Lincoln; LAmour, Louis; Peale, Norman Vincent; Robinson, Jackie; Sadat, Anwar el-; Shriver, Eunice Kennedy
Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony for the Presidential Medal of Freedom, 1984 Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, Ronald Reagan, 41416 (March 26, 1984).
April 5, 1984 Cooke, Terence Cardinal
Remarks to the New York State Federation of Catholic School Parents, 1984 Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, Ronald Reagan, 47477 (April 5, 1984).
May 30, 1984 Luns, Joseph M.A.H.
Presidential Medal of Freedom Citation to Joseph M.A. H.Luns (May 30, 1984), accompanying, Jane King, Ronald Reagan Library, facsimile to the author, December 30, 1992.
June 26, 1984 Jackson, Henry Martin
Remarks on Presenting the Presidential Medal of Freedom to the Family of the Late Senator Henry M. Jackson of Washington, 1984 Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, Ronald Reagan, 91315 (June 26, 1984).
May 23, 1985 Basie, William; Cousteau, Jacques-Yves; Holland, Jerome Hartwell; Hook, Sidney; Kirkpatrick, Jeane; Low, George M.; Reynolds, Frank; Ripley, S. Dillon; Sinatra, Frank; Stewart, James M.; Wedemeyer, Albert C.; Yeager, Chuck
Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony for the Presidential Medal of Freedom, 1985 Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, Ronald Reagan, 65658 (May 23, 1985).
Teresa, The Reverend Mother Remarks on Presenting the Presidential Medal of Freedom to Mother Teresa, 1985 Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, Ronald Reagan, 80203 (June 20, 1985).
November 7, 1985 Nitze, Paul H.; Wohlstetter, Roberta; Wohlstetter, Albert
Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony for the Presidential Medal of Freedom, 1985 Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, Ronald Reagan, 135557 (November 7, 1985).
May 12, 1986 Annenberg, Walter Hubert; Blaik, Earl Henry; Goldwater, Barry Morris; MacArthur, Helen Hayes; Ridgway, Matthew B.; Royster, Vermont C.; Sabin, Albert Bruce
Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony for the Presidential Medal of Freedom, 1986 Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, Ronald Reagan, 58384 (May 12, 1986).
July 28, 1986 Horowitz, Vladimir
Remarks on Presenting the Presidential Medal of Freedom to Vladimir Horowitz, 1986 Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, Ronald Reagan, 101314 (July 28, 1986).
June 23, 1987 Armstrong, Anne Legendre; Dart, Justin; Kaye, Danny; Lemnitzer, Lyman L.; McCone, John A.; Patterson, Frederick D.; Perlmutter, Nathan; Rostropovich, Mstislav; Walsh, William B.; Willson, Meredith
Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony for the Presidential Medal of Freedom, 1987 Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, Ronald Reagan, 70608 (June 23, 1987).
October 7, 1987 Kaufman, Irving Robert
Remarks on Presenting the Presidential Medal of Freedom to Irving R. Kaufman, 1987 Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, Ronald Reagan, 114648 (October 7, 1987).
November 17, 1987 Weinberger, Caspar W.
Remarks at the Farewell Ceremony for Secretary of Defense Caspar W. Weinberger, 1987 Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, Ronald Reagan, 133741 (November 17, 1987).
January 13, 1988 Stevens, Roger L.
Remarks on Presenting the Presidential Medal of Freedom to Roger L. Stevens, 1988 Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, Ronald Reagan, 3637 (January 13, 1988).
May 10, 1988 Carrington, Lord Peter Alexander Rupert
Remarks on Presenting the Presidential Medal of Freedom to Lord Peter Carrington, 1988 Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, Ronald Reagan, 57577 (May 10, 1988).
October 17, 1988 Baldrige, Malcom; Bellson, Pearl Bailey; Brown, Irving; Burger, Warren E.; Friedman, Milton; MacArthur, Jean Faircloth; Marriott, J. Willard; Packard,David
Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony for the Presidential Medal of Freedom, 198889 Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, Ronald Reagan, 134244 (October 17, 1988).
January 19, 1989 Mansfield, Michael; Shultz, George P.
Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony for the Presidential Medal of Freedom, 198889 Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, Ronald Reagan, 175154 (January 19, 1989).
|
|
|
|
|
Articles & Briefings
